ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 871 



by ;ictii;il iiioasurcuionts uf calves ami hviuIl' and cross-bred cattle, and data 

 were also sociired regardiug the laws of animal breeding. Measurements were 

 made uf animals of varying ages while on feed and on pasture and the results 

 of a slaughter test are also included. 



The authors' deductions follow: 



"The develoi)nient of beef-bred animals on skim milk for the first o months 

 was not satisfactory, but it should be remembered that these figures represent 

 the most unfavorable period of development on skim milk. 



" The whole-milk calves from 1 to 3 months made much better gains, as 

 shown in the weights and measurements, and appeared to much better 

 advantage. 



" The growth of the whole-milk calves from 1 to 3 months as shown by the 

 measurements was about equal to that from 3 to 12 months. The w^eights, 

 however; do not show this same i-elation, as the gains from 3 to 12 months 

 were about twice that from 1 to 3 months. 



"The growth of the whole-milk calves for the twelve-month period was quite 

 satisfactory. The measurements would indicate that the development of the 

 framework was largely made during this period. 



" The growth as shown by average measurements for the 3 skim-milk calves 

 from 1 to 3 months, the 3 whole-milk calves from 1 to 3 months, the 5 whole- 

 milk calves from 3 to 9 months, and the 3 beef-bred animals from 9 months 

 to the time of slaughtering, gives some idea of the increase that can be 

 obtained in animals that ai-e finished off at 2.5 years, weighing fi-om 1,100 to 

 1,300 lbs. 



" In finishing off the 5 animals whose measurements are shown from 9 

 months to the time of slaughtering, the Shorthorn-Holstein led with an average 

 daily gain of 2.18 lbs., the Hereford-Shorthorn came second with a gain of a 

 little over 2 lbs., w'hile the Jersey was last with a gain of less than 1.5 lbs. 

 per day. In growth from birth this same order holds good, except that the 

 positions of the grade Shorthorn and the grade Angus are reversed. 



"The 2 steers having dairy blood put on a pound of gain for somewhat less 

 than those of the beef breeds." 



The slaughter test showed that the Hereford-Shorthorns gave the best re- 

 sults with a showing of 5.S.3 per cent good meat. As regards quality, little dif- 

 ference was noted between the Hereford-Shorthorns and the grade Shorthorns, 

 while Jerse.vs and Holsteins ranked lowest in this respect. 



The value for live weight based on the percentage of dressed weight, accord- 

 ing to the authors, showed that Hereford-Shorthorns ranked first and grade 

 Shorthorns second, followed by Jerseys and Shorthorn-Holsteins. 



Finishing' beef cattle, A. M. Soule, J. II. Fain, and M. P. Jarnagin (Vir- 

 ginia Sta, Bill. 113, pp. D.j-122, pgs. 5). — Using 4 lots of 5 grade steers each, ear 

 corn, corn-and-cob meal, shelled corn, and corn meal were compared as supple- 

 ments to a l)asal ration of cotton-seed meal, corn silage, hay, and corn stover. 

 In the 149 days of the test it was found that the average gains per head per day 

 were, respectively, 1.6G lbs., 1.81 lbs., 1.80 lbs., and 1.76 lbs. The smallest 

 amount of concentrated feed per pound of gain was noted with the lot fed 

 corn-and-cob meal, being equivalent to 4.27 lbs. of corn, and the largest amount 

 of concentrated feed per pound of gain, 4.94 lbs. was noted with the lot fed 

 shelled corn. In the case of coarse fodder the amounts ranged from 21.52 

 lbs. with the corn meal lot to 24.27 lbs. with the ear corn lot. When the cattle 

 were shipped to market the shrinkage was much the same in all the lots, averag- 

 ing only 41.2 lbs. per head. The dressed weight was 50.9 per cent of the live 

 weight and the meat was of superior quality, the fat and lean being well 

 blended and the color particularly good. 



