DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING AGROTECHNY. 877 



ininimnm and supply tho deficit from tlioir own bodk'S. This cau not be pre- 

 vented by excess of aniids, for the amids in the feed can not be metabolized to 

 albuminoids. The nitric nitrogen supjilled to cows in roots escapes in gaseous? 

 form through bacterial activity in the intestines. In the opinion of the authors 

 cows require only a very little nitrogen to rei)lace broken-down body tissue. 

 The results of these experiments do not show definitely how much, but the 

 amount may be not more than a few grams per day. Cows do, however, require 

 what is called intestinal nitrogen and kidney nitrogen. The former is albumin- 

 oid nitrogen derived from digestive fluids, mucus from intestinal walls, etc., and 

 is excreted in the feces. Its amount is determined partly by the amount of feed 

 eaten, partly by its nitrogen content, and may be estimated at about 2i gm. 

 daily per "feed unit." The amid nitrogen found in the feces comes from the 

 feed. The kidney nitrogen is that required for the activities of the kidneys. It 

 may be amid nitrogen, but if there is not enough of this present, albuminoid 

 liitrogen will be used to supply the required amount. 



Artificial digestion of feces with pepsin-HCl indicated that the albuminoid 

 nitrogen and the amid nitrogen of the ration were digested in about equal pro- 

 portions when the feed contained a relatively large amount of nitrogen, but if 

 the amount was relatively small the amid nitrogen was digested in the larger 

 proportion. The authors point out the value of determination of albuminoid 

 nitrogen of the ration by the Stutzer method, and recommend that this deter- 

 mination be added to the analyses generally made. 



Calorimetric determinations showed that the energy of the feces was about 

 83 per cent of that of the feed, indicating that about 07 per cent was apparently 

 digested ; but since about one-fourth of the heat value of the feces was derived 

 from the metabolic products, about 75 per cent of the energy of the feed was 

 actually utilized. The heat value of the urine was always very low, only 

 about 2 per cent of that of the feed. The portion of the food energy accounted 

 for by the energj' of the milk varied according to the milk yield, reaching a 

 maximum of 20 to 25 per cent in the case of fresh cows. 



Investigations on the indispensable minimum of albuminoid nitrogenous 

 substances in the ration of milch cows, A. Mall£:vre {Soc. Aliment. Rationn. 

 lirhiil, Comptc Rendu 11. Cong., J907, pp. .'p-12.'i, dgms. //). — This article is a 

 translation into French of the major portion of a publication jireviously noted 

 (E. S. K., 18, p. COS) and referred to above. 



Some considerations of the nitrogenous nutrition of milch, coavs, A. Mal- 

 LKVRE (Soc. Aliment. Rationn. Bctuil, ('o>npte Rendu 11. Cong., 1907, pp. 

 29-J/6). — The results of the investigations referred to in the previous abstract 

 are considered in detail and their significance discussed. It is pointed out that 

 the results obtained agree with those found by other investigators, the total 

 nitrogenous intake and output of seA-feral cows as determined for a number of 

 months on rations of usual and small quantities of nitrogen apparently indicat- 

 ing that the protein requirement of milch cows is lower than is connnonly be- 

 lieved, and als(; that either directly or indirectly the nonalbuminoid nitrogenous 

 substances play some imi)ortant role in the nutrition of aninnils. In the 

 author's opinion, however, these facts need further study and corroboration 

 before they should be finally accepted as indicating principles to be observed in 

 the feeding of milch cows. 



Forage and soiling experiments, 1905, (J. C Watson and T. I. Mairs 

 (I'cnn.sylvunia 8tu. Rpt. 11)06, pp. 111-110). — The feeding of soiling crops was 

 carried on in continuation of preceding work along the same line (K, S. K., 17, 

 p. UOI), but certain crojts which had l)een fed in former years were omitted dur- 

 ing the present period as not being w')i-tliy of further trial. 



The crops fed In the tests hert^ reportwl were rye, oats and i)eaH, alfalfa, 

 eovvpeas, corn, red clover, and sorghum. A mixture of Kafir corn and c()wi)eaH 



