888 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



horses, clogs, rats, and mice infected with donrine indicate clearly that atoxyl 

 exercises a powerful effect in the destruction of the trypanosomes. By the ad- 

 ministration of atoxyl tlie animal may be protected against the disease and if 

 used during its early stages a recovery may be brought about. 



Experiments in the treatment of piroplasmosis of dogs with, atoxyl, 11. 

 GoNDER (Ar&. K. Gsndhtsamt., 21 {1901), No. 2, pp. 301-300).— Dogfi infected 

 with Babesia canis were treated with atoxyl in small repeated doses, but it was 

 found that the course of tlie disease was in no way affected by its use, except 

 that in some cases the symptoms were perhaps more Auolent than they would 

 have been if the drug had not been used. Evidently dogs are not tolerant to 

 atoxyl and are not benefited by its use in cases of trypanosome infection. 



The effect of atoxyl on spirillosis in chickens, Uhlenhuth and Gross 

 (Arb. K. Gsndhtsamt., 27 {1901), No. 2, pp. 23/-2.55).— Spirillosis of fowls 

 is due to Spiroclueta gallinarum which is carried by Argas miniatus. The 

 disease appears with a high elevation of temperature and is fatal in a large 

 percentage of cases. In the authors' experiments atoxyl was tested as a cura- 

 tive and preventive remedy. For preventive purposes 0.02 to 0.08 gm. of a 

 1 or 2 per cent solution of atoxyl was injected into the muscles. An admin- 

 i.stratiou of 0.05 gm. of atoxyl was suflicient to cause the disappearance of 

 the spirocha^tes in the blood within from 20 to 30 hours. 



Outside of the body atoxyl appeared to have little or no effect upon the 

 spirochfetes. It is believed that the effect in the body is due to a prevention 

 of the multiplication of these organisms. At any rate the use of atoxyl pre- 

 vents the development of acute symptoms and brings about a crisis in the 

 disease sooner than it would otherwise occur. It, therefore, protects the organ- 

 ism and apparently stimulates phagocytosis. 



The etiology of fowl diphtheria and chicken pox, T. Carnwath {Arb. K. 

 Gsndhtsamt., 21 {1901), No. 2, pp. 3S.8-//02, figs. 2).—l\\ a bacteriological and 

 clinical study of fowls said to be affected with these diseases a number of 

 bacterial organisms were found but none appeared to be a specific cause. 

 Inoculation experiments with material from supposed cases of fowl diphtheria 

 gave negative results. 



The symptoms of these two diseases vary to a considerable extent. In the 

 author's oi)inion, most if not all cases of so-called fowl diphtheria are chicken 

 pox with perhaps an unusual distribution of the lesions. 



Disease of turkeys (infectious enter ohepatitis), E. F. Pernot {Oregon t>ta. 

 Bui. 95, pp. 8, pi. 1, fig. 1). — The most important disease of young turkeys 

 observed by the author in Oregon is blackhead or enterohepatitis. Notes are 

 given on outbreaks of this disease and on its etiology and symptoms. Black- 

 head is transmitted largely through the feces of diseased fowls, and one 

 advanced case of the disease will, therefore, infect the feeding grounds of the 

 other birds. 



The most effective way of controlling the disea.se is by means of isolation and 

 quarantine. The use of a mixture of sulphur, sulphate of iron, and quinin 

 apparently had beneficial effects in treating the fowls, but the main reliance 

 must be placed on isolation of diseased birds and thorough disinfection of the 

 premises. 



The embryonic development of Taenia serrata, C. von Janicki {Ztschr. 

 Wiss. Zool., 81 {1901), No. //, pp. 685-124, pis. 2, figs. 5).— The literature relating 

 to the development of Twnia serrata and related tapeworms is critically re- 

 viewed in connection with a bibliography of the subject. The early embryonic 

 development of T. serrata was followed anew by the author and is carefully 

 described. 



