918 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



from April 14 to May 31. Tliey show :i distinct fall of temperature with de- 

 creasing altitude, and that low land is distinctly colder by night and hotter by 

 day than more elevated land. It was also observed that a small river flowing 

 along the lower edge of the area increased the temperature of the air and less- 

 ened danger of frost to a distance of 1!)G ft. from its edge. 



Clouds, rains, and fires, H. Memery (Rev. Nepholog., 1907, No. 21, pp. 161, 

 162; l\Hiture {Paris], So {1907), A'o. 1796, ^ui)., p. 170; uhs. in Lit. Diijvsi, So 

 (1907), No. 23, p. 867). — ^A note on this subject which casts doubt on the popu- 

 lar belief that heavy rainstorms frequently follow great fires, a subject to which 

 attention is called by R. Radan in his work on The New Meteorology and the 

 Prediction of the Weather. 



Rain-producing east winds and their influence on the summer of 1907, 

 R. RicHAUDSON (JoKi: Scot. Met. Soc., S. ser., I'l, No. 2i, pp. l.'il-l'jS). — This 

 paper attempts to show that the frequent sudden shiftings of the wind to the 

 east on the east coast of Scotland did much to produce the cold and rainy 

 weather which characterized the sununer of 1907. 



Rainfall on the plains, L. G. Carpenter (Colorado Sta. Bui. 123, pp. 21-32). — 

 Observations on rainfall during 37 years at Denver, 27 at Fort Collins, 11 at 

 Wray, 14 at Hamps, 16 at Yuma, 17 at Leroy, 16 at Cheyenne Wells, and 18 at 

 Rocky Ford are summarized in this bulletin. The distribution of the rainfall 

 throughout the season and its variation in different years are briefly discussed. 

 In general it is stated that nearly 50 iier cent of the rainfall of Colorado comes 

 during the growing season. 



Notes on rainfall at Savannah, Georgia, J. de Bruyn-Kops (Proc. Amer. 

 Soc. Civ. Eiigiit., 3S (1907), No. 10, pp. 1101-1110, pi. 1). — An analysis is given 

 of rainfall data at this place, which shows that formulas of maximum rates of 

 rainfall, such as that of Talbot, can be reliably applied to only a single locality 

 and not to any extensive region. 



Hailstorms in Prussia in 1905 (Preiiss. Statis., 1906, No. 202, pp. 26-65).— 

 Statistics are given of the occurrence of liailstorms and the damage caused by 

 them in different provinces and districts of Prussia. 



A simplification of Gallenkamp's rain-measuring apparatus, A. Sprung 

 (liistrumcnteHkundc, 27 (1907), No. 11, pp. S.',0-SJ,S, Jigs. 2). 



Observations on the underground waters in forest and open soil, V. 

 IVANov and D. Saziiin (PochvovycilijcHie [Pedolagie], 1906; ubs. in Zhur. 

 Opuitn. Agron. [Russ. Jour. Expt. Landw.], 8 (1907), No. 4, p. 479).— From 2 

 years' observations on the fluctuations of the underground waters in the forest 

 and the open, the authors conclude that in clearings in woods the water level 

 fluctuates more with variation in rainfall than in the forest soil. With light 

 rainfall the water stands higher in the forest than in the open soil. 



Well waters from farm homesteads, F. T. Shutt (Canada Expt. Farms 

 Rpts. 1906, pp. 196-199). — The 90 sami)les of water of which analyses are here 

 reported are classified as follows: Good and wholesome 28, suspicious and prob- 

 ably dangerous 21, contaminated and totally condemned 30, saline 11. 



Drinking water on the farm, J. Denoel (Ann. Gemhloux, 18 (1908), No. 

 1, pp. -'i-'f-SO). — This is referred to as a most important subject which is sadly 

 neglected in Belgium. The practical means of securing and maintaining a 

 wholesome water supply under conditions generally prevailing in Belgium are 

 discussed, attention being called especially to the increasing danger of pollution 

 of the farm water supply with extension of cattle raising, particularly on pas- 

 ture, and from the careless disposal of carcasses of diseased animals on the 

 farm. 



