962 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. 



bntioii of the white fly and a third staff of investigators to work out the life 

 history of the Qy under California conditions. This worli may be done iu 

 summer. For the winter a thorough campaign of defoliation, cleaning up, 

 and disposing of infested material is recommended. 



Use of heat in treating coffee trees for borers, L. Boutax (Compt. Rend. 

 Acad. Sci. [Paris], 1^5 {1901), A'o. 21, pp. 86'J-.S8'J). — Torches in which the 

 heat was furnished by leaves have been used in attempts to heat the branches 

 of coffee trees to a sufficient temperature to kill Xylhtrechus quadrupes. 

 The efficacy of this method is called in question by the author, whose experi- 

 ments indicate that a temperature of 45 to 47° C. for several hours is required 

 to kill the borer. At a temperature of 60° (?. the insect dies within 5 minutes. 

 A temperature of 45° C. does not appear to injure the coffee trees and an appa- 

 ratus is described by means of which this temperature may be produced in 

 the tree for the purpose of destroying the borer. 



The grapevine root-borer, F. E. Brooks (West Virginia Sta. Bui. 110, pp. 

 19-30. pin. J). — The grapevine root-borer was found in Upshur County in West 

 Virginia uifesting the roots of all varieties of cultivated grapes and also of 

 the fox grape. Infested vines are not necessarily killed by the insect, but are 

 greatly enfeebled. A detailed description is given of the insect iu its various 

 stages. Each female moth lays about 400 eggs. The larvfe penetrate into the 

 soil sometimes to a depth of 11 in. and occasionally as far as 9 ft. from the 

 base of the plant before entering the roots. The larval stage extends over a 

 period of 21 or 22 months. 



Crested flycatchers were observed feeding upon moths and king birds were 

 also seen in infested vineyards. The larvte of Plioturis pennsylvaniea prey 

 upon the pupte of the grapevine root-borer. The use of wire netting or wood 

 A-eneer wrappers about grapevine trunks is of no avail. In most cases digging 

 out the borers is also impracticable, but if adopted should be done in October 

 or November. There appears to be no immune variety except perhaps the 

 Scuppernoug. The moths may be destroyed by hand, but the best results are 

 obtained from thorough cultivation in June and July to destroy the pupte 

 which are then located near the surface of the soil. 



Insects affecting rubber plants, J. Kotinsky (Hawaii. Forester a-iid Agr., 

 J, {1901), Ao. 10, pp. J0-'/-.308).— The chief insect pests of rubber plants in 

 Hawaii appeai'ed to be Saissetia nigra, Pseudococcus virgatus, ai«3 uudetei*- 

 mined species of mites and plant lice. Brief notes are also given on the chief 

 insect pests of rubber in Mexico, Central America, India, and Ceylon. Appar- 

 ently Hawaii is thus far free from serious pests of rubber. 



The nut weevil, F. H. Chittexden (U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Eiit. Circ. 99, 

 pp. 15, figs. I'l). — This is a reprint from the Yearbook of this Department for 

 1904 (E. S. R., 17, p. 102). 



A new bark beetle, G. Fuchs (Miinchen. Koleopterol. Ztschr., 3 (1906), No. 

 1, pp. .jl--j-j. /igx. .?). — A technical description is given of Hylesinus ami which 

 was found in the bark of Fraxinus orniis. The life history of this insect is 

 briefly described and illustrations are given of its burrows. 



Mosquito life, Evelyn G. Mitchell (New York and London, 1901, pp. 

 XXII+2S1, pis. 9, figs. 5'/). — In this volume the author has attempted to give 

 a general account of the biology, economic importance, and means of combating 

 mosquitoes. Tke stages of the important species of mosquitees have been 

 studied anew and analytical tables are presented for the identification of mos- 

 quitoes in their different stages. A list is also given of the genera and species 

 of mosquitoes. 



Particular attention is given to the economic aspects of mosquito life and to 

 their connection with the distribution of disease. 



