ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 971 



A nniiiber df samples of dilToriMit ln'aiids \ver(> fmind to Ix' (Iclicifiit in pro- 

 tein or lat or both, but the authors consider tliat on the \\iioh> a niarl^ed im- 

 provement is noticeable over previous years. " It is evident that the various 

 manufacturers have of late years paid much more attention to the chemical 

 composition of the feeds which they put on the market than was the case 

 during the first years of feed-inspection work in the State. 



The State feeding-stuff law is quoted, including an amendment in force after 

 January 1, lOOS. to the effect that all null feeds and malt sprouts, except when 

 thej are sold locally by the manufacturer himself, are to be included under 

 the provisions of the law. 



Investigations in animal nutrition, H. P. Armsby (U. S. Dept. Agi:, Bur. 

 Anini. liidtis. Rpt. I'JOG, /)/). 26J-2S'), pis. J, p<js. 2). — The respiration cal- 

 orimeter used in the experiments carried on at the Pennsylvania State College 

 Institute of Animal Nutrition in cooperation with this Department is described, 

 experimental methods are discussed, and some of the results obtained with 

 steers are summarized. The investigations have been noted from earlier pnb- 

 'lieations (E. S. II.. IS, p. 50S). 



Miscellaneous information concerning the live-stock industry in 1906 

 (f. .V. Dipt. A(jr.. Bur. Aiiini. Indus. Rpt. I'JOO, pp. JCJ^Z-JiO" ) .—Statistical data 

 are sunmiarized regarding market prices of live stock, movement of live stock, 

 live stock exhibitions, the registered live stock in the United States, and certi- 

 fied pedigree record associations. 



The King system of stable ventilation, W. H. Jordan {New York State 

 Sta. ('in: 7, n. scr., pp. 2, fi(js. J; reprinted in Xew York State Sta. Rpt. 1906, 

 p. 106, pis. -J).— This system of stable ventilation (E. S. R., 11, p. 595) is de- 

 scribed as Installed at the New York State Station. 



Fattening cattle for the market, H. J. Waters (Missouri Sta. Bui. 16, pp. 

 J'll- /iffs. 10). — On the basis ot answers received to a circulfir letter sent to 

 about a thousand successful cattle feeders in Missouri, Iowa, and Illinois and 

 a summary of station experiments on cattle feeding, the general subject is 

 discussed in detail and many deductions are drawn regarding feeding, care, 

 and management. The following are quotations from this summary : 



" Cattle that are being fattened should be fed with the utmost regularity, 

 should be kept as quiet as possible, and should be encouraged to lie down 

 when not eating. They should never be frightened or disturbed in any way. 



" Changes in feed, location, or surroundings of cattle that are fat should 

 never be made, except such as are decidedly for the better, and even then 

 should only be made when most imperative. . . . Keep constantly in mind 

 that there are other factors than mere cost of gains which bear quite as im- 

 portant a relation to the profitable outcome as does this one. . . . The gains 

 put on cattle during the fattening process cost more per pound than they 

 bring on the market when the steer is sold. The cost of these gains will vary 

 l)etween 6 cts. and 10 cts. per pound, while the steer will bring on the max'ket 

 an average of from 4 cts. to 7 cts. per pound. This situation is not met in 

 commerce by attempting to force the price of the finished steer to a point 

 high enough to meet the expense of fattening directly and pay a profit, but 

 l)y lowering the price at which the steer in thin condition may be purchased. 

 The raiser of the cattle is required to sell them as feeders at a lower price 

 per pound than the animal will bring on the market when fattened. In other 

 words, the burden of the fattening operation has been laid upon the cattle 

 raiser rather than upon the meat consumer. 



" The amount of margin required to cover the expense of fattening and pay 

 a profit is governed by a variety of circumstances. Younger cattle require a 

 smaller margin than older cattle, because they make cheai)er gains, short fed 

 43851— No. 10—08 6 



