RURAL ENGINEERING. 989 



not the exclusive, cause of blackhead. Intestinal coccitliosis has also been 

 observed in peafowl. jiiKcons, ducks, swans, i)heasan(s. nuail, finches, and 

 canaries. 



Parasitic liver disease in poultry, F. V. Theouald {Xat. Poultry Conf. 

 Reading, Off. Rpt., 2 (1907), pii. IHl-lHo). — This disease occurs in the United 

 States in turkeys and is commonly known by the name of blackhead. In all 

 except 2 cases observed by the author it appeared in chickens. The symptoms 

 of the disease are carefully described. The life history of A))irrh(i Dirlrdr/riilis, 

 which is the blood parasite in this disease, has not been definitely determined. 

 No satisfactory treatment has been devised and rational prevention must dei)en(l 

 largely on sanitary measures. 



Reliable poultry remedies, P. T. Woods {Quincy, III., 1906, pp. 93, fig. 1). — 

 Brief descriptions are given of the important diseases of poultry and practical 

 remedies are suggested for their control. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Irrigation by pumping, F. E. Kanthack (Agr. Jour. Cape Good Hope. 32 

 (190S), Jo. 1, PI). .50-66, figs. '/). — It is stated that as a result of inquiry into 

 the matter it has been found that while a fair number of pumping plants for ir- 

 rigation have been established in different iiarts of Cape of Good Hoite, " they 

 have not been uniA-ersally successful, and many have been actually abandoned 

 and dismantled." It is believed that in many cases failure has been due to an 

 " unsuitable plant, put down without due consideration or appreciation of 

 the principles governing the problems involved, and it is to endeavor to assist 

 the farmer who is faced by such a problem, and to guide him as to how to set 

 about this development, from iuceiition to completion, that this pamphlet has 

 been written." 



The author is of the opinion that while pumping can never hope to compete 

 with irrigation by gravitation, where the conditions are favorable to the latter, 

 there are nevertheless many cases " where the land is of such a fertile nature 

 that even the cost of pumping may, if the scheme is economically designed and 

 efficiently carried out, very well repay the enterprise." 



The article deals wnth the question of estimating the amount of water and 

 size of plant required, the most suitable and efficient engines and pumps to 

 employ, the cost of operation under given conditions of fuel, etc., and the care 

 and operation of the pumi»ing plant, and tables are given showing cubic feet 

 and gallons per acre for different depths of water and the cost of pumping 

 per acre. 



Tests of air-gas generators. Wedding (Arh. Deut. Landic. Geaell.. 1908, No. 

 13.J, pp. .'i9-l.'i, fig\. 17). — Six different kinds of generators for preparing a 

 combustible gas by the mixture of air with the vapor from a volatile hydro- 

 carbon, are described and illustrated. The results of tests of these generators 

 are also given, showing the amount and quality of gas produced from the liquid 

 fuels used. These generators are intended for use in small isolated plants, such 

 as on farms, for furnishing comparatively small amounts of gas suitable for 

 convenient use in furnishing heat, light, or power. 



Tests of small motors, Schiffman and Vobmfelde (Arh. Dent. Landic. 

 Cesell., 1908, \o. 135, pp. i--'/.5, figs. /9).— This is the official report of the re- 

 sults of tests of small internal combustion engines especially adapted to use on 

 farms and not exceeding .3 horsei)ower in size. 



The trials were made during May, l'.K)7, in competition for prizes aggre- 

 gating about .$.3f)f), offered in connection with the Dii.sseldorf Exposition. Dur- 

 ing five days of continuous running, the engines were tested on the following 



