1064 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



increase in the amouut of nitrogen excreted in the urine. The increased amount 

 of nitrogen excreted in the urine on a proteid diet is derived from the protein 

 eaten. When the diet contains no nitrogen the amoimt excreted in the urine 

 becomes practically constant after a few days and is equivalent to about 2.5 

 gm. per day. He concludes, therefore, that 3 gm. of nitrogen per day is the 

 lowest value with which it is possible to maintain nitrogen equilibrium. 



Fat from a physiological and chefcical standpoint, A. Jolles {Die Fette 

 vom physiologisch-chemischen Siandijunkte. Strashiirg, 1907, pp. 71; rev. in 

 Osterr. Chem. Ztg., 10 (1907), No. 16, p. 229). — A summary and discussion of 

 the newer theories on the chemistry and physiological value of fat. 



The absorption of fat in the intestine, G. E. Wilson {Univ. Toronto 

 studies, Physiol. Set:, 1906, No. 6, pp. 20, pis. 2). — The author concludes from 

 microscopical studies of the condition of fat in the intestinal walls that this 

 constituent " is talcen up in particulate form by the striated border, either as 

 neutral fat or fatty acid — in short, as an emulsion." 



Influence of fatigue upon efficiency in the performance of muscular work, 

 II. Ohrwall {SJcand. Arch. Physiol., 19 {1907), No. .'f-5, pp. 262-335, pis. 3, figs. 

 5). — From a large number of ergographic experiments, which are reported in 

 full, the author concludes that fatigue not only lowers but also injures effi- 

 ciency. If worlc is continued after the state of fatigue is reached there is dan- 

 ger of lessening the skill which one has already attained. 



ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 



Commercial feeding stuffs of the United States: Their chemical exami- 

 nation, J. K. Haywood and H. J. Warner {U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Chem. Bui. 

 108, pp. 1-71, 87-9^). — With a view to securing data of value in feed inspection 

 work under State pure food laws, analyses were made of a large number of 

 samples of commercial feeds, particular attention being paid to the different 

 constituents of the carbohydrate group. The materials analyzed included cotton- 

 seed meal, linseed meal, corn and corn products, distillery and brewery products, 

 wheat feeds, oat feeds, corn and oat feeds, mixed feeds, sugar and molasses 

 feeds, barley meal, barley screenings, mixed rye feed, proprietary stoclc feeds, 

 animal meals, and poultry feeds. 



As a whole the cotton-seed meals examined had a satisfactory protein con- 

 tent. Most of the samples showed no reducing sugar though a few contained a 

 small amount. The values for fat on an average were lower than the averages 

 generally quoted, indicating, according to the authors, that fat is more com- 

 pletely removed from cotton-seed meal than was formerly the case. 



Microscopical examination of the linseed meals showed that the majority of 

 them contained weed seeds in greater or less abundance. The presence of such 

 material is to be expected and " it is only when they are of a poisonous variety 

 or in excessive quantities that their presence is reprehensible." 



The results of the analyses of the corn products, wheat brans, sugar and 

 molasses feeds, brewery and distillery products, and animal meals were, in gen- 

 eral, satisfactory and did not show any adulteration. 



In the case of wheat bran and middlings, the authors believe that there is 

 more or less confusion and that the two classes of goods should be more clearly 

 differentiated in trade. 



With respect to poultry feeds, the authors note that many of them are sold 

 under names which are misleading. " Such names as ' Laying food,' ' Egg- 

 builder ration,' and ' Forcing food ' at least imply that the foods in question 

 have certain egg forcing properties in addition to their ordinary food value. 

 Such is not the case, however, the foods only increasing the amount of laying 



