1082 EXPERIMENT STATION EECOKD. 



iliac glands the tubercle bacilli gain entrance to the thoracic duct and thus 

 infect the spleen and lungs through the blood system. Careful examinations 

 of guinea pigs killed at different periods after hypodermic injection in the 

 abdominal region indicate that tubercle bacilli gain entrance to the blood very 

 soon after the infection of the iliac glands, and tfiat the infection in all cases 

 Is far in advance of the visible lesions. 



In experiments with rabbits it was found best to use tubercle bacilli from 

 cases of pearl disease since bacilli of human origin almost never caused an 

 infection of the glands. In this series of experiments it was found that the 

 bronchial glands are merely regional glands for the bronchi and lungs and are 

 not essential distributing organs of the general lymphatic system of the body. 



The specific differences of human and bovine tubercle bacilli, C. Spengleb 

 (Centbl. Bakt. [etc.], 1. AM., Orig., .'li (1907), No. 6, pp. Jt81-J,85, figs. 2).— 

 It has been shown by Bonome that the extracts from bovine tuberculosis give no 

 plural precipitation. The author argues therefore that human tuberculosis can 

 not arise from animals, since human tuberculous sera show multiple agglutinins 

 and precipitins. This multiple reaction in his opinion is due to the symbiotic 

 nature of the tuberculous infection in man. It is maintained that both forms of 

 the tubercle bacilli ai-e found in man but that the disease in man is transmitted 

 from one individual to another and is not transmitted from animals. The 

 author suggests that the bacilli of pearl disease in cattle are probably a variety 

 of the symbiotic pearl disease bacilli in man. 



The precocious diag'nosis of tuberculosis by ophthalmo-reaction, A. Cal- 

 METTE (Coinpt. Rend. Acad. 8ci. [Paris], V,5 (1901), No. 5, pp. 20S-300).— In 

 the author's experience ophthalmo-reaction is more reliable than cuti-reaction 

 to tuberculin. The former is believed to be a very accurate and valuable means 

 of detecting infection with tuberculosis. The method also makes it possible 

 to determine when recovery from a previous infection has taken place. 



Vaccination against tuberculosis, S. Arloing (Bui. Mens. Off. Renscig. Agr. 

 [Paris], 6 (1907), No. 7, pp. 832-837).— A thorough study was made of the 

 methods by which vaccine may be effectively inoculated into cattle and of the 

 best means for retaining these vaccines. In the author's experiments modified 

 human tubercle bacilli were used and also tuberculase, which was apiilied in 

 accordance with recommendations of von Behring. It proved to be impossible 

 to produce any noticeable vaccinating effect by the use of tuberculase. 



Immunization of cattle to tuberculosis, A. Weber and C. Titze {Tuher- 

 Jctilose Arh. K. Gsndhtsamt., 1907, No. 7, pp. l-6.'f). — It has been shown be;^oud 

 question by a number of investigators that cattle may be to some extent pro- 

 tected against subsequent tuberculous infection by previous treatment with 

 tubercle bacilli of bovine origin. It was considei'ed desirable, however, to obtain 

 further evidence as to the harmlessness of this method and the duration of the 

 immunity thus produced. To this end the authors carried on a long series of 

 experiments upon cattle, making use of fresh cultures of human tubercle bacilli, 

 bacilli obtained from tuberculosis in cold-blooded animals, other acid-fast 

 bacilli, dead tubercle bacilli, bovo-vaccine, and tauruman. 



It appears that the increased resistance which can be produced in cattle by 

 the use of living human tubercle bacilli does not persist for more than 2 years. 

 It is possible that among the cattle which are thus partly immunized to tuber- 

 culosis a number of cases are developed which are capable of transmitting the 

 disease to other cattle and to man. This possibility must be borne in mind in 

 forming conclusions as to the practicability of the method of vaccination. 



The results of repeated experiments with cattle treated with bovo-vaccine in- 

 dicate that the immunity thus produced is by no means satisfactory. The 

 authors suggest that there are specially forcible reasons for reserving judgment 



