1084 EXPERIMENT STATION EECORD. 



without much success. As a rule, these remedies have been applied after evi- 

 dences of infestation were already apparent, and, thei'efore, too late to prevent 

 considerable financial loss. The underlying idea of the author's experiments 

 was to provide a remedy that could be used as a preventive and which was 

 cheap, easily api)licable, and harmless. It is believed that such a remedy has 

 been found in tobacco. Low-grade leaves commonly known as trash may be 

 chopped up and mixed with equal quantities of salt. This mixture may be kept 

 before the flock constantly without any fear of harm either to lambs or old 

 sheep. The author is not certain whether flocks can be entirely freed from inter- 

 nal parasites by the use of tobacco in this form, but it appears that serious 

 losses can be avoided. 



Successful treatment of lung-worms of sheep, Kroening (Ztschr. Vcfcr- 

 inarlc, 10 (1007), Xo. 10, pp. -'/ J,'/--'/.19 ) . — During the past 2 years the author had 

 an unusually large experience in the ti'eatment of luugworms of sheep. The 

 symptoms caused by infestation with Straiifjijius fiJarla are described, and notes 

 are given on the life history of the parasite. The remedies which have com- 

 monly been recommended in controlling this disease have failed to give satis- 

 factory results. No permanent good has followed the inhalation of tar, carbolic 

 acid, creolin, turpentine, tobacco, formalin, or menthol. In fact, fumes which are 

 active enough to destroy lungworms are practically certain to be injurious to 

 the sheep. 



The author tested the value of intratracheal injections in the treatment of 

 lungworms. For this purpose 5 gm. of a 1 per cent solution of carbolic acid 

 was injected into the trachea by means of a trocar. The breathing of the 

 affected sheep improved on the day following the injection, the cough became 

 better, and the appetite increased. In some cases it was found necessary to 

 give another injection after 3 days. In the case of sheep which already lay 

 helpless upon the ground this ti'eatment failed to bring about recovery, but in 

 all ordinary cases an improvement took place immediately and recovery oc- 

 curred after a few days. 



Conditions which lead to outbreaks of swine erysipelas, Hoeiine {Berlin. 

 TicrUztl. Wclmschr., JDOU, A'o. .'//, pp. 135-1. 'lO). — It is often difhcult to account 

 for outbreaks of swine erysipelas in countries where the disease is combated so 

 vigorously as in the German Empire. During the past 10 years the author has 

 made a number of observations for the purpose of determining predisposing 

 causes which lead to outbreaks of the disease. It is believed that swine 

 erysipelas scarcely occurs at present as an epizootic, but when it does appear in 

 large herds of hogs the common form assumed is that of the diamond skin 

 disease. 



Sporadic outbreaks of swine erysipelas appear to be due to a reduction of 

 the resisting power of hogs. This in turn may be the result of unsanitary con- 

 ditions about hogpens, sudden changes of temperatux-e, unsuitable feed stuffs, 

 and weakness due to the prevalence of disease, particularly swine plague and 

 hog cholera. 



For the purpose of preventing outbreaks of swine erysipelas the author 

 recommends to hog raisers that they should select breeding animals of the 

 greatest possible vigor, particularly those with a heavy coat of hair. It is also 

 urged that hogs l)e allowed to run upon pasture or that where this is not pos- 

 sible they be furnished with a dry sanitary yard. Sudden variations in tem- 

 perature are believed to be perhaps the most potent cause of outbreaks of swine 

 erysipelas. 



The results obtained in preventive vaccination of swine erysipelas, D. F. 

 KoNEV (Arch. Vet. Nauk [St. Petcrsb.^, 37 (1907), AV>. S, pp. 663-725).— Jt was 

 found that the virus of swine erysipelas may be so attenuated that it will serve 



