VETERINARY MEDICINE. 1085 



excel lout l,v well as a vacrlue eitlii'f in (he prevention or cure of tbe disease. 

 The virus when properly prepared is in no way dangerous to hogs of any age. 

 Tlie average loss after tbe use of this jireventive vaccination is about 3 or 4 per 

 1,()00. Tbe use of 2 vaccines of somewhat different strength brings about a mild 

 and benign form of tbe disease from which the animal recovers. The im- 

 munity thus produced persists for 1 to 2 years. 



The treatment of azoturia in horses, A. Zimmermann (Berlin. Tierdrstl. 

 Well II sell r., 1907, Xo. 'lO, jip. 77.'/, 775). — Clinical notes are given on 2 cases of 

 paralytic azoturia in which the author bad excellent results after bleeding the 

 burses. Soon after bleeding, the paralytic symptoms were relieved, and hemo- 

 globin was no longer observed in the urine. The rapid effect of bleeding is 

 supposed to be due to a stinmlus which this surgical interference adds to the 

 metabolic processes in the animal. 



Tracheal ulceration in glanders (Yet. Rcc, 20 (1907), No. 998, i). 122). — 

 It is maintained that ulceration of the nasal septum may exist in reacting horses 

 without any enlargement of tbe submaxillary glands and without nasal dis- 

 charge. Apparently mallein does not hasten the escape of glanders bacilli from 

 lesions in the lungs into the trachea. 



Tracheal ulceration in glanders, J. U. McCall (Vet. Rrc, 20 {1907), No. 

 1000, pp. 160, 161). — The danger of infection from tracheal ulceration in cases 

 of glanders depends upon a number of conditions which may develop during 

 the course of the disease. In general about 8 per cent of reacting horses 

 show tracheal ulceration, but in some outbreaks the percentage is much higher. 

 A tabular statement is given of conditions observed in making post-mortem 

 examination on 79 cases of glanders. In this list of cases 20 showed ulcera- 

 tion of the trachea, and in IS of these cases there was no evidence of farcy. 



Cuti-reaction and ophthalmo-reaction in glanders, H. Vallee (BiiJ. Soc. 

 i'cni. Med. Vet., S'l {1907), No. l.',, pp. 359, 360).— While it is possible to obtain 

 a reaction to mallein by the cutaneous method, the author nevertheless considers 

 this method somewhat variable and therefore unreliable except in the hands of 

 exi)erienced veterinarians. It iippears that the reaction to the cutaneous appli- 

 cation of mallein depends largely upon the thickness or coarseness of the skin 

 at the point of inoculation. Similarly, the ophthalmo-reaction is not considered 

 as I)eing so specific a reaction as takes place by the same method in the use of 

 Uiberculiu. 



Prophylaxis of glanders, C. Constant {BuJ. See. Cent. Med. V6t., 8// {1907), 

 No. l.'i, PI). 352-356). — For the complete control and eradication of glanders the 

 author recommends the frequent application of the mallein test and the destruc- 

 tion of all horses which definitely react to it. 



The glanders or farcy order of 1907 {Vet. Ree., 20 {1907), No. 1000, pp. 

 157-160). — In this regulation, which goes into effect .January 1, lOOS, definitions 

 are given of the terms disease, diseased, and suspected. The legal procedure 

 is- outlined in the regulation of the imiKjrtation of horses, notification of disease, 

 detention and treatment of susi)ected animals, post-mortem examination of 

 slaughtered animals, disposal of carcasses, and other matters relating to the 

 control of glanders. 



A study of certain cathartics, M. H. Reynolds {Minnesota 8ta. Rpt. 1907, 

 pp. XXl-XLII, fig. 1). — A comparative test was made of i)ilocarpin and eserin, 

 alone and together with atro[)in and strychnin, and of barium with regard to 

 their cathartic- action and general effects when thus used ui)on horses. The 

 ■imallcst dose of' eserin wliicli gave good results was 1 grain and the largest 

 dose of atropin used with eserin and i)ilocarpin and giving satisfactory results 

 was 0.1 grain, and it is believed that oi'dinarily not more than half this amount 

 should be used. The value of piNjcariiin in connection with eserin is very 



