RURAL ENGINEERING. 1187 



identical. Good results are reported in treatinjjc the disease by the use of 

 solutions of creolin, phenol, etc. 



Leukemia in fowls, J. Kon (Arch. Path. Anat. u. Physiol. [Virchotcl, 190 

 (1907). \o. 2. pp. ,i3S-S.'i9). — Cases previously reported as leukemia in fowls 

 are belie\ed by the author to have been examples of lencoeytosis. During 

 the progress of experiments on fowls in the study of diseases and other mat- 

 ters one case of true leukemia was observed, the gross and microscopic pathol- 

 ogy of which is described in detail. The chief histological changes consisted 

 in a cellular hyperplasia of the bone marrow and spleen and cellular infiltra- 

 tion of the other organs. The infiltration was particularly marked in the liver. 

 The ratio of leucocytes to red corpuscles was 1 : 2. The relative occurrence 

 of the different kinds of leucocytes was as follows : Large mononuclear cells 

 70.7 per cent, small lymi)hocytes 22 per cent, eosinophilous cells 6.3, and masked 

 cells 1.2. The spleen is considered as an important source of the leucocytes 

 in this disease. 



The common-sense poultry doctor, .J. II. Robinson (Boston, Mass., 1907, pp. 

 176). — Chapters are given on the relationship of cleanliness and sanitation to 

 the general health of poultry and the symptoms of disease. The larger part 

 of the volume is occupied with practical notes on the occurrence, symptoms, 

 and treatment of the more important diseases which affect poultry. 



Introduction to the official inspection of fowls, O. (Jraffunder (Anleitung 

 sur amtsticrarztliclien Untersuchung dcs GcfliigcJs. Berlin, 1907, pp. 

 Ill +111). — The production of poultry in Germany is quite insufficient for 

 national consumption, and the author has, therefore, undertaken the prepara- 

 tion of the present pamphlet as an encouragement to the poultry industry. It 

 contains information on the nature and means of distribution of the most 

 important poultry diseases, including fowl cholera, fowl plague, roup, tubercu- 

 losis, and various other diseases of less importance, with particular attention 

 to the methods of inspection of living and dressed fowls in the detection of 

 various diseases. Copies are given of the German laws relating to fowl dis- 

 eases, which provide for compulsory notification in case of outbreaks of fowl 

 cholera or fowl plague, but not for other fowl diseases. 



Our slaughterhouse system. The German abattoir, C. Cash and H. Heiss 

 (London, 1907, pp. XII +2 12, figs. 58). — ^An outline is given of the conditions 

 which prevail in the slaughterhouses in England. In almost all instances 

 these slaughterhouses are private concerns and in some cities their number 

 is as high as from 50 to o\er 400. It is stated that the materials used in the 

 construction of these slaughterhouses are not well adapted to the purpose, 

 that the buildings themselves are located in the immediate vicinity of dwelling 

 houses, stables, and other structures, and that their sanitary condition in the 

 majority of cases is very unsatisfactory. On account of the excessively large 

 number and irregular distribution of slaughterhouses in different cities, it is 

 impossible to carry on an effective system of meat insi»ection. 



An appeal is made for the establishment of public abattoirs. As examples 

 of what may be accou)i)lished in this direction mention is made of a number 

 of i)ublic abattoirs in German cities, with descriptions of the conditions which 

 prevail in these institutions. 



RURAL ENGINEERING. 



Irrigation investigations, G. E. P. Smith (Arizona Sta. Rpt. 1907, pp. 237- 



2'i'h fig- 1)- — This is a brief account of the principal investigations uudertakeu 



by the irrigation engineer of the station during the year, including especially 



observations on the underflow of certain Arizona rivers, more particularly the 



50810— No. 12—08 7 



