52 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



have been cur and largely burned over, so that it is said nearly one- 

 half of the area is reduced almost to a desert condition. 

 The author reviews the forest conditions of the past and present, and 



the supplies of white red or Norway, and jack pine, hemlock, cedar, 

 tamarack, spruce, and balsam fir, together with hard-wood supplies. 

 The possible rate of accretion is given, but this growth is greatly 

 reduced by clearing, logging, and forest tires. The effect of the forest 

 on climate and rainfall is stated. The author claims that many of the 

 rivers heretofore navigable or furnishing a large water supply have 

 been so reduced as to have their former utility greatly impaired. The 

 extent and injury of forest tires in the State are mentioned, and sugges- 

 tions offered for reducing them to the minimum. The forest conditions 

 in different counties are given in some detail, together with lists of the, 

 principal forest trees of northern Wisconsin, the surface features of 

 the State, amount of standing timber, etc. 



Forest technology and uses of wood, P. Rizzi (Teenolofi'ia forestale ed utiUzza- 

 zione dri boschi. Milan: F. Fallardi, 1897, I'ol. I. pp. VII-\-221; 1S9S, Vol. II, pp. 110, 

 ill). 



Forest-zoological guide, C. Keller (Forstzoologischer excursions fiihrer, pp. 277, 

 figs. ?s. Leipsic and Vienna: Carl Fromme, 1897; aba. in Zool. Centbl., 5 (1898), No. 4, 

 p. 109). — An introduction to the study of forest injuries. The subject is consid- 

 ered from the standpoint of leaf, bark, and wood injuries; injuries in mountains, 

 and finally, injuries by mammals are considered. In an appendix all injuries 

 are arranged according to the species of tree affected. The work is of value for 

 its arrangement. 



How to apply forestry in spruce lands, A. Cary (Forester, 4 (1898), No. 3, pp. 

 . — The author reviews the general forest conditions of Maine and northern 

 New Hampshire, referring particularly to the spruce timber, and gives in consider- 

 able detail the trees found on a half acre of heavy spruce timber in northern New 

 Hampshire. He shows how that about 3,000 ft. of timber could be taken from this 

 land, which would in no way diminish the value, but would rather improve the 

 growth of what was left. 



Wood pulp supplies and forestry, B. E. FERNOW (Forester, 4 (1S9S), No. 3, pp. 

 52-66.) — The author in an address read before the American Paper and Pulp Associa- 

 tion, at its meeting February, 1898, pointed out the rapid development of the paper 

 pulp industry and the' rate of consumption of timber and the possible advantage of 

 forest management for the continued production of pulp wood. 



Notes on Pinus rigida, De Lapasse (Rev. Faux et Fonts, ,;. ser., 2 (1S9S), No. 0, 

 PP. M-295). 



Forest growth and sheep grazing, P. V. COVILLE ( U. S. Dept. Ayr.. Division of 

 Forestry Bui. 15, pp. 54). —Thia bulletin is a report of observations made regarding 

 the effect of sheep grazing on forest growth in the Cascade Range Forest Reserve. 

 flic author concludes that sheep grazing without proper restrictions and regulations 

 is detrimental to the reproduction of forest growth, to soil conditions, and to water- 

 flow. Wherever forest growth is to he maintained and the washing of soils, with 

 consequent Hood dangers, avoided, the greatest care and judgment should be exer- 

 cised as to the manner in which sheep grazing may be carried on without detriment. 



Forest trees, II. Loubie | I.es essences for estieres. Fori*: Masson et Cie., 1898, pp. 

 191).— Treats of the species of trees that yield resin. 



The development of state forestry in Saxony, FtiRST (Forstw. Centbl., 20 (189S), 

 No.4,pp. 192-197). 



