94 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



glands on the border of the oesophagus and the gut, which he calls 

 chylestomachs. belong to the gut. 



Tuberculosis in cattle and tuberculin, Xocard [Montargis, 1896; 

 abs. in Arch. Wiss. u. PraM. Thierheillcunde, Berlin, 22 {1897), Xo. 2-3, 

 and in Centbl. Halt. u. Par.. 1. AM., 22 {1897), Xo. 18-19, pp. 503-507).— -It 

 ijs noted that in 1893, in the slaughterhouses of Prussia, out of 095,852 

 grown cattle, 62,312, or 8.9 per cent, were found tuberculous. At Berlin 

 the percentage was 15.1 (in 1892, 12 per cent); at Magdeburg as high 

 as 17.5 per cent. In the same year in Saxony of 69,101 animals, 12,630, 

 or 18.20 per cent, were found diseased. At Amsterdam and Moscow 

 the percentage was 5.5; in Mariland, 10 per cent; at Copenhagen, 17.7 

 per cent. These data are compared with French statistics taken in 

 1889. At Toulouse of 13,057 animals slaughtered, 1,251, or about 10 

 per cent, were tuberculous. In this year the law relative to the confis- 

 cation of animals affected with generalized tuberculosis went into effect 

 and the number of tuberculous animals sank so that, of 12,691 animals, 

 only 340 were found to be affected. For the same reason the number 

 of such animals found at Bucharest sank to less than 3 per thousand. 

 But when an indemnity was granted the owner of condemned animals 

 the number suddenly increased to 30 per thousand. 



In Great Britain, according to tlie author, the slaughterhouses are 

 still in a rudimentary condition. The percentages mentioned are 12.5 

 in 1891 and 22.3 in 1892. The latter large percentage is attributed to 

 slaughter of milch cows of Loudon and Edinburgh. 



In France certain regions, as Auvergne, Limousin, and the greater 

 part of Normandy, are entirely free from the disease. For all France 

 the percentage of tuberculous animals is placed at less than 1 percent. 

 But the statistics are not completely trustworthy and we must conclude 

 that the disease is generally distributed. 



The following increases are noted: Saxony, 1890-1893, 10.1 to 18.26 

 per cent; Berlin, 1891-92, 12 to 15.1 per cent; Leipsic. 1888-1893, 

 11.1 to 28.1 per cent; Schwerin, 1886-1891, 10.7 to 35 per cent. 



The introduction of shorthorns in 1S50 into Denmark is charged with 

 raising the percentage there. By the use of tuberculin the percentage 

 was raised from 17 per cent in 1893 to almost 40 per cent in 1894-95. 



Other statistical facts of interest are that the author considers 4 to 5 

 per cent to represent the number of cattle with tuberculous udders. 

 Also, that in a region where some 15 to 25 per cent of the cows were 

 affected only 1 per thousand of tuberculous calves was found, and from 

 other tuberculin studies where 40 to 80 per cent of the cattle were 

 affected calves from 4 to 15 months old were not found diseased. Of 

 44 calves 6 to 18 months old, 33 were sound, and of the dams of these 

 26 were tuberculous. The sick were isolated from the sound, and 

 repeated injections in 1893, 1894, and 1895 produced no reaction. 



The author's conclusions are of considerable interest. Tuberculin 

 injections can not produce the disease in sound animals; it is useless 



