HORTICULTURE. 151 



parent plants should be hybridized in such way as to utilize the char- 

 acteristics of each to the best advantage; for instance, to obtain direct 

 producers, American species of grapes should be pollinated by French 

 grapes, while to obtain stocks for grafting the reciprocal hybrid should 

 be obtained. (3) Parent plants should be chosen which will give the 

 maximum of variation to the seedlings. (4) In the production of hybrids 

 or crosses the maximum of vigor and fertility should be maintained by 

 the constant introduction of unrelated species or varieties. 

 The problems of modern viticulture, the author says, are as follows: 

 (1) To obtain new stocks for grafting, which shall exhibit great 

 resistance to phylloxera, adaptation to calcareous soils, affinity for 

 scions of French grapes, and such other characters as tend to facilitate 

 their culture; (2) to obtain direct producers, which shall show great 

 resistance to phylloxera, adaptation to the soil to be used, a high sugar 

 content, fruitfuluess, early maturity, resistance to fungus diseases, 

 fruit of good quality and color, and any characteristic facilitating their 

 culture; (3) to obtain new varieties resistant to black rot. 



Report of the horticulturist, L. R. Taft (Michigan Sta. Rpt. 1896, pp. 114-119, 

 charts 3). — This report gives general outlines of the work of the department during 

 the year, the results of the various experiments being published in bulletin form. 

 The arrangement of orchards at the station and substation is described and illus- 

 trated by charts. 



Education of horticulturists, L. R. Taft (Michigan Hort. Soc. Rpt. 1896, pp. 220- 

 226). 



Cocoa culture in Samoa, H. J. Moors (U. S. Consular Rpts. 1898, No. 212, pp. 

 65-68). 



Market gardening with limited capital, H. W. Collingwood (Massachusetts State 

 Bd. Agr. Rpt. 1897, pp. 65-94). 



New creations in the vegetable kingdom, D. W. Beadle (Canad. Hort., 21 (1898), 

 No. 6, pp. 217-224, pi. l,figs. S). — Remarks on how improvement of plants is effected 

 and examples of results secured in the improvement of plants by the horticulturists 

 of Ontario. 



Rotations in vegetable gardening, A. Magniex (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 

 Congrcs Hort. 1898, pp. 22-35). 



Rotations in vegetable gardening, J. Foussat (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 

 Congrcs Hort. 1898, pp. 30-51). 



Rotations in vegetable gardening, E. Zacharewicz (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 

 Congrcs Hort. 1898, pp. 52-57). 



Rotations in vegetable gardening, J. Lavialle (Jour. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, 

 Congrcs Hort. 1898, pp. 58-63). 



On the improvement of peas, H. Tedin (Ber. Andra Nord. Landtbr. Kongr., 

 Stockholm, 1897, II, App. 12, pp. 25). 



Horse-radish, M. G. Kaixs ( U. S. Dept. Agr., Division of Botany Circ. 15, pp. 8). — A 

 discussion of the culture, uses, enemies, yield, and profits of horse-radish. 



The history of the radish, G. Henslow (Gard. Chron., S.ser., ?3 (1898), No. 600, 

 p. 389). 



Vegetable tests, H. P. Gladden and U. P. Hedrick (Michigan Sta. Rpt. l.S, r «;, pp 

 350-374).— A reprint from Bulletin 131 of the station (E. S. R., 8, p. 225). 



The apple orchard, L. R. Taft (Michigan Sta. Spec. Bui. 4. pp. 1-12).— A popular 

 bulletin giving suggestions for the culture of apples. 



Grafting the apple (Nat. Nurseryman, 6 (1898), No. 5, p. OS).— A reprint from 

 E. S. R., 9, p. 750. 



