FOODS ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 175 



"It would seem that cither the fat is rendered partially insoluble in ether during 

 the process of halving or that it has heen volatilized. The fact that there is a very 

 considerable loss in the fuel value of the materials in the bread as compared with 

 that of the raw ingredients before baking indicates that the latter is the true 

 explanation, for if the fats had simply been rendered nonextractable their heat of 

 combustion would probably have remained unchanged and there would be no such 

 pronounced loss of heat values as is actually the case.'" 



The cost of the raw materials and of the bread made from them is 

 also discussed. It was found "that raw materials worth $1.24 when 

 made into bread sold for $2.00, or an increase of 110 per cent over the 

 original cost.*' 



A comparison of Utah feeding stuffs, L. Foster and L. A. Mer- 

 rill (Utah Sta. Bui. 54, pp. 119-140). — Experiments were made with 

 nine lots of steers to test a number of Utah feeding stuffs and to com- 

 pare indoor and outdoor feeding. Each lot contained 4 steers, with the 

 exception of lot (>, which contained only 2. They were mostly 2-year- 

 olds, of Shorthorn and Devon breed, with a few Aberdeen Angus and 

 Holsteins. 



The test, which began January 1, 1897, covered 00 days and was 

 divided into two periods of 30 and 51 days, respectively. In most cases 

 the steers were fed coarse fodder only during the first period of the test. 

 Lot 1 was fed alfalfa, with barley in addition during the second period; 

 lots 2 and 7, alfalfa and straw, with barley and bran during both periods; 

 lots 3 and 8, corn fodder, with bran in addition in the second period; 

 lot 4, timothy hay. with bran and pea meal in the second period; lot 5, 

 alfalfa and shredded corn fodder 1 : 1, with the addition of bran and 

 barley in the second period; lotO, shredded corn fodder and roots, with 

 the addition of bran in the second period; and lot 9, alfalfa with barley 

 and bran in the first period and alfalfa and barley in the second. 



Lots 1 to were kept in the barn and were given some exercise each 

 day in an open yard, and lots 7 to were kept in yards with open 

 sheds. 



The financial statement is based on the following prices of feeding 

 stuffs per ton: Alfalfa, $4; shredded corn fodder, $5; timothy hay, $6; 

 bran, 810; barley, $10; peas, $20; roots, $3.50; and straw, $1. 



The results for each lot are tabulated. 



The principal conclusions reached were as follows: 



"During the first period the gains were higher and less dry matter was required 

 per pound of gain. The results add proof to the often repeated proposition that as 

 the animal gains in flesh it requires a constant increase in the quantity of food for 

 each additional pound of gain. 



"For this single trial, feeding a "rain ration with alfalfa during the preliminary 

 period did not prove profitable. 



"Roots liad the effect of increasing the appetite without giving proportionate 

 additional gaiu. From this and previous trials it may be inferred that roots can not 

 be economically used in feeding simply for the nutrients they contain, being less 

 ] in >ti table when so fed than the ordinary dry fodders. 



"The results of three trials show that straw may be profitably used as a part ration 

 in connection with alfalfa and grain. The experiment detailed herein shows, too, 

 44H5 — No. 2 6 



