312 



EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



potassium hydroxid or sodium hydroxid solution to determine some- 

 thing of the amount of sugar which it contains and how much it is 

 desirable to dilute the material before estimating the 

 sugar. If a deep brown color is obtained the vine, 

 beer, or liquid should be much diluted. If the color is 

 faint less dilution is necessary. After diluting a known 

 quantity of the material, yeast is added and it is placed 

 in the Fleischer apparatus, the apparatus tightly closed 

 and allowed to remain in a warm place for 24 hours. 

 The carbon dioxid produced causes the column of mer- 

 cury (1) to rise in the graduated tube. The amount of 

 sugar is calculated by making a control experiment 

 under the same conditions with a solution containing a 

 known amount of dextrose. 



In case of vegetables, etc., the finely divided material 

 is extracted with water until a qualitative test shows 

 that sugar is no longer obtained. The sugar in the 

 aqueous extract is then determined as above. 



In case of flour, . bread, and similar materials the 

 starch was also determined. The material, carefully 

 dried, was inverted by boiling with dilute hydrochloric 

 acid and the total dextrose determined as above. The 

 difference between this result and the sugar in the origi- 

 nal substance showed the dextrose derived from starch. 

 The starch could then be calculated. 

 The author reports the results of numerous determinations, some of 

 which are shown in the following table: 



Fig. 9. — Fleischer's 

 apparatus. 



Sugar anil starch in a number of food materials. 



Sugar. 



Starch. 



Potatoes, raw 



Potatoes, cooked 



Carrots 



Orange peel 



Lemon peel 



Lemon without peel 



Orange without peel 



Pears 



Apples 



Plums 



Dates 



Rye Hour 



Wheat meal (Griea mehl) 



Wheat flour 



Barley tlour 



( latmeal 



Corn meal 



Kommis bread 



( iraliam bread 



Black bread ". 



White bread 



Roman bread 



"Erlangen kipf " bread.. 



Pumpernickel 



Tea cakes 



Almond bread 



a Starch and dextrin. 



