46*4 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



their place for transformation in crevices or among the refuse in the bins or barrels. 

 The winter is passed in the larval stage, the change to pupae being made in spring, 

 and from thence the summer campaign as a moth. is begun.'' 



In discussing remedies the author notes the fact that the usual recom- 

 mendation is to spray the trees with some arsenite as soon as the 

 blossoms fall and repeat once or twice at intervals of ten days or two 

 weeks, and shows that following this recommendation the first spraying 

 would be made in Nebraska nearly a month before the larva' appear. 

 The only object of spraying early is to get a particle of poison into the 

 calyx cup before the calyx closes. From observations extending over 

 two seasons it was estimated that about 80 per cent of the wormy 

 apples were entered by the calyx end. The author believes that the 

 chances are against spraying affecting the 20 per cent of the larva- 

 which enter the apple outside of the calyx, and notes the fact that if 

 this percentage of the first brood were to continue propagating itself 

 throughout the season the crops of late apples might be nearly ruined. 

 An attempt to trap the larvae with sticky fly paper after they leave the 

 apples to pupate resulted unsatisfactorily. The use of bands around 

 the trees gave good results. Paper bands were applied in different 

 ways, some being folded to allow the larva' to enter between the folds. 

 Out of 308 pupse found on banded trees 322 were under the bands. In 

 regard to this work the author says: 



"It would seem from these results that the larva* prefer the rough bark near the 

 ground, and most of them get next to the bark, no matter how close the paper may 

 be tacked to the tree, so that putting on the double fold with the hope of trapping 

 them between the layers and thus quickly destroying them can not be depended 

 upon.'' 



Experiments at the station in spraying with Paris green were not 

 entirely satisfactory on account of the unfavorable condition of tlie 

 trees. From an examination made June 21 it was found that trees 

 sprayed only on June 1 seemed to have been as well protected as those 

 sprayed two or three times. The sprayed trees were, however, much 

 freer from wormy fruit than unsprayed trees. Late spraying was tried 

 on a very small scale in 1896. On -July 10 a part of a tree was sprayed 

 and on August 11 the apples were examined, with the result that 82 

 per cent of those taken from the unsprayed portion were wormy as 

 against only 20 per cent of those taken from the sprayed portion. The 

 spray used was very strong and injured the foliage so seriously tliat 

 many of the leaves fell and the growth of the fruit was checked. 



Various mixtures were tried in an attempt to find something that 

 would adhere better than Paris green. The addition of sorghum to 

 the spray gave no beneficial results. The addition of one tablespoonful 

 of rye flour to a pailful of water added to the adhesiveness of the mix- 

 ture. Lead arsenite adhered better than Paris green. Bordeaux 

 mixture adhered well, and it is suggested that it may be mixed with 

 arsenites to render them more adhesive. 



From laboratory experiments with Paris green, Bordeaux mixture 



