468 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



When the spraying has been neglected until the leaves have become badly curled, 

 trim off the ended tips and spray at once with the whale-oil soap solution. This 

 applies especially to fruit trees. In the case of currants and gooseberries, it will 

 sometimes be found practical to pick off and destroy the leaves which are first 

 infested in the spring." 



Brief notes on the San Jose scale, H. P. Gould (New York Cor- 

 nell St<i. Bul. 144, pp. 587-592, Jig. 1). — This consists of notes oil the 

 occurrence of the San Jose scale at Cornell University, methods of 

 treatment, natural enemies, etc. The following summary is given : 



'•'Whale-oil soap used at the rate of 2 lbs. to a gallon of water will kill the scale, 

 but its use is more or less restricted on account of its consistency when cold and 

 from the fact that it injures the foliage and buds if they are in other than a dormant 

 condition. Kerosene applied at the rate of one part kerosene to four of water will 

 destroy the scale. The results of spraying in the spring, compared with those 

 obtained from late fall or early winter indicate that the scale is more suscepti- 

 ble to the action of insecticides in the spring than it is in the fall. Whale-oil 

 soap in solution may be applied by means of a. pump while it is hot, but after it 

 becomes cold a brush or some similar implement is necessary to do thorough work. 

 A spray pump with kerosene attachment is the most convenient apparatus for apply- 

 ing kerosene. There are several insects and fungus enemies of the scale, but it is 

 yet doubtful if they are of much economic importance in the North. The San .lose 

 scale does not seem to be very difficult to kill when insecticides are brought in con- 

 tact with it. The difficulty arises chiefly from the fact that the scales are often 

 more or less protected by the roughed bark, crevices, and other natural conditions 

 of the host, and from the rapid increase of the pest. Great care and thoroughness 

 are of paramount importance. When the work is thoroughly well done and fre- 

 quently repeated, satisfactory results may be expected.'' 



Inspection of nurseries and treatment of infested nursery 

 stock, V. H. Lowe (New York State Sta. Bul. 136, pp. 573-602, pis. '/). — 

 This bulletin gives an account of the inspection of nurseries in western 

 New York and discusses the more important insects found. Experi- 

 ments are reported in treating young stock infested with lice, in fumi- 

 gating nursery stock, in spraying young grafts, etc. The following 

 summary is given : 



"Most of the nurseries inspected have been found practically free from insect 

 pests of a serious nature. Ten important species have been found at different times, 

 however, in sufficient numbers to do serious injury. In all cases efforts were at 

 once made to clean out the stock thus infested. The most important insect which 

 attacks nursery stock in this State is the San Jose scale. It is important to nursery- 

 men not only because of the injury which it may do to the infested stock, but 

 because it is greatly dreaded by both dealers and fruit growers alike. Hence stock 

 from a nursery which is known to have been once infested does not find a ready sale. 



"Experiments in dipping and spraying young nursery trees indicate that plant 

 lice may be controlled in the nursery by dipping the curled tips of infested trees in 

 a solution of whale-oil soap, 1 lb. to 7 gal. of water. The work should be done 

 early in the season. Flea-beetles attacking young pear and apple trees may be held 

 in check by spraying with green arsenite, 1 lb. to 100 gal. of water, and the canker- 

 worm will succumb to the same treatment. 



"The experiments in fumigating nursery stock with hydrocyanic-acid gas, when 

 the stock is piled in the cellar for winter storage, indicate that this method may 

 prove practical, thus avoiding the necessity of building special fumigating houses." 



