SEEDS WEEDS. 



553 



How to make a lawn, H. A. Surface (Amer. Gard., 19 (1S9S), No. 205, pp.S05, 

 SOS). — Directions are given for making and caring for lawns. To sow an acre the 

 author recommends a mixture as follows: June grass 10 lbs., redtop 10 lbs., peren- 

 nial rye grass 10 lbs., rough meadow grass 5 lbs., timothy 5 lbs., sweet vernal grass 

 5 lbs., and white clover 5 lbs. 



Notes on watering, F. Craxefield (Amer. Florist, 14 (1898), No. 545, pp. 434,435, 

 fig. 1). — The article gives a few notes on the use of warm and cold water for both 

 greenhouse and outdoor plants, the notes being supplemental to those given in a 

 previous issue (E. S. R., 9, p. 1053). 



SEEDS— WEEDS. 



Wind distribution of seeds, E. M. Hussong (Proc. Nebraska Acad. 

 8d. 1896, pp. 253-257). — Uuder the author's direction experiments were 

 carried on for 4 years to ascertain the effect of wind as a distributing 

 agent of weed seeds. In order to secure the data desired, deep tin cans 

 were anchored in a number of different exposures in such a way as to 

 collect seeds and other debris carried by the air. The collection made 

 in September for 4 years is tabulated, which shows the following 

 percentages : 



Weed seeds distributed bu winds. 



Orders. 



Portulacacese . . 



Composite 



Aruarantacese. . 

 Cbenopodiaceai 

 Plantaginacese . 

 Asclepeidacem . 



Graniineae 



Solanaceae 



Per cent. 



]4.6 

 12.7 

 12.3 

 9.8 

 7.5 

 7.2 

 6.7 

 4.5 



Orders. 



CyperacesB 



Onagrace* 



Crucit'erae 



Leguminosse . .. 

 Polygonacese • - 

 Convolvulacese 

 Unknown 



Per cent. 



4.2 

 4.1 

 3.8 

 3.7 

 2.5 

 1.5 

 4.1 



It appears that of these seeds 16.1 per cent were distributed by 

 breezes, 17.8 per cent by local winds, 36.3 per cent by high winds, and 

 26.6 per cent by continued gales. Naturally the ones distributed by 

 the lighter winds were those which were provided with pappus or some 

 ether special arrangement for distribution, while the heavier seeds are 

 scattered only by the high and continuous winds. 



In October 20 per cent more Compositse, 8 per cent more of milk- 

 weeds, and from 1 to 3 per cent more grasses, amaranths, and cheno- 

 pods were collected. In November the collections were notable for a 

 very great increase in the percentages of amaranths and chenopods. 

 During December, January, February, and March, on account of the 

 ground being covered with snow or frozen, but slight movements of 

 seeds were observed. In April the spring winds produced quite a 

 marked effect on the distribution, and at this time seeds of the common 

 purslane, tansy mustard, black mustard, wild pea, and winged dock 

 were very abundant in their distribution. 



These experiments only show data relative to the horizontal distri- 

 bution of seeds, it being generally believed that the distribution of weed 



