DISEASES OF PLANTS. 557 



the tip until checked by frost, while those from the nursery stock were 

 upright and green with a true but undeveloped terminal bud. The 

 suspected trees were allowed to grow during the spring of 1897 and 

 watched closely daring the summer months, and in no case did any 

 sign of yellows appear. 



"The origin of the yellows-like shoots on the bodies of nursery trees that were 

 budded in 1896 is clearly ascribed, primarily, to the partial girdle formed by the 

 inserted bud and then to the subsequent climatic conditions which pushed forth a 

 fall growth from the formant buds around the constriction. Buds that start early 

 in the season grow rapidly into normal, healthy shoots, but the growing activity 

 of the tree is greatly reduced in the fall, and the buds starting at that time develop 

 slowly and form shoots with short nodes and small, undeveloped, light-colored 

 leaves. These small shoots, in all probability, would have grown into strong, 

 healthy branches had they begun their development in the summer months. , 



"It should be said that a similar condition prevails in recently budded nursery 

 stock, to a greater or less extent, every fall, and whenever the climatic conditions 

 are such as to induce a fall growth in fruit trees the shoots on recently budded 

 nursery stock will be more abundantly developed. The same phenomena may be 

 seen in pear, plum, and apple stocks, and it is more marked in those varieties which 

 naturally have a tendency to sucker. It can be induced by checking the growth in 

 rapidly growing trees in a variety of ways, such as by budding, grafting, pruning, 

 girdling, bending a branch, or by tying a string around it." 



An outline plan is given of the experiments which were conducted 

 with a view of preventing tomato diseases, but the results were so 

 inconclusive that they are not published. 



A preliminary report upon the diseases of the peach; experi- 

 ments in spraying peach trees, A. D. Selby (Ohio Sta. Bui. 92, pp. 

 179-268, ph. 12, figs. 12).— Diseases of the peach (pp. 179-236).— After 

 briefly discussing the peach industry in Ohio, the author gives a report 

 on the diseases to which the peach is subject, dividing them under the 

 following 5 heads: Those due to mechanical agencies or unfavorable 

 soil conditions; injury due to atmospheric conditions; diseases referred 

 to unknown or doubtful causes; fungus diseases of the peach, and 

 those caused by animal organisms and insects. 



Among the disease due to mechanical and soil conditions, the author 

 mentions wounds, resulting in exudation of gum, and diseased condi- 

 tions caused by underdrained soil. 



The injuries due to atmospheric conditions mentioned are freezing 

 and wind storms, hail, etc. 



Of the diseases referred to unknown or doubtful causes, the author 

 mentions peach yellows, peach rosette, a twig disease accompanied 

 with gum flow, dropsical swellings of twigs and branches, twig spots, 

 and crown gall. 



Suggestions are given for the prevention of these various diseases. 

 Among the means for the prevention of the yellows the author recom- 

 mends the destruction of all affected trees and care that tools used in 

 digging up and destroying the diseased trees should be thoroughly 

 sterilized so as not to communicate the disease to others. The peach 



