VETERINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. 595 



The stomach worm is described at length. The symptoms caused by 

 its presence vary considerably. " There is disarrangement of the 

 digestion, which may cause either scouring or constipation. Fre- 

 quently the constipation succeeds the scouring. The lambs have 

 abnormal appetites, eating irregularly, sometimes very little, then 

 unusual amounts. They often eat rotten wood, earth, etc., and in fact 

 this is the most characteristic symptom. The skin becomes pale, the 

 strength declines, the flesh disappears, the wool is sunken and luster- 

 less. For some reason there seems a greater mortality among ram 

 lambs than among ewe lambs. Few lambs that reach the stage of 

 emaciation ever recover or are of any value if they do recover. Ju 

 some cases death is quite sudden, in others the lamb lingers for weeks 

 or months." 



One of the most common remedies for stomach worm is 1 part turpen- 

 tine to 16 of milk, given in doses of 1 to 3 oz., according to the size 

 and age of the lamb. The author does not regard this remedy as at 

 all certain. " Seemingly good results, in truth the best results ever 

 observed in practice have been obtained by using the following mix- 

 ture: Pine tar, 8 parts; raw linseed oil, 8 parts; turpentine, 1 part. 

 The dose is from 1 to 3 oz." The fact is pointed out that measures 

 which prevent infection are much more promising than internal reme- 

 dies. The lambs should be kept as much as possible from contaminated 

 food or e 1 ' "nking water. 



"It must be constantly borne in mind that these parasites are present in nearly 

 or quite all flocks, even in times of health. The older sheep may not suffer per- 

 ceptibly from the presence of the small number of strongyli, yet they are constantly 

 passing the eygs with their excrement and thus polluting the herbage for how long 

 a time we do not know — for at least one year we are certain. If sheep have fresh 

 pasture each year there is not the same opportun-ty for the young worms to find 

 entrance into the lambs, and thus the number will constantly decrease from year 

 lo year. 



"If, on the other hand, sheep are made to feed over their own droppings from 

 year to year, the worms will increase rapidly in numbers and will sooner or later 

 become sufficient in number to nearly destroy the lamb crop. 



"The practical lesson is, that it is liettcr to have the lamlis dropped as early as 

 possible in winter, supposing that food and shelter suitable are provided, for in 

 winter there is very little likelihood of their becoming infested with parasites ; then 

 they should be pushed rapidly forward while suckling their mother, and weaned, if 

 of suitable age, when first ready to turn on grass. They ought then to have fresh 

 pasture that- has had no sheep on it for two years, or at least that had no sheep the 

 preceding year, and no old sheep should be pastured with the lambs " 



Methods of combating communicable diseases of farm animals, 

 •R. R. Dinwiddie (Arkansas Sta. Bid. 51, pp. 35-46). — The cause and 

 origin of communicable diseases, general methods of prevention and 

 control, innoculation against anthrax or charbon, and prevention and 

 control of Texas cattle fever are briefly touched upon. The methods of 

 control, etc., noted are such as are applicable to all contagious animal 

 diseases and such as should readily suggest themselves to intelligent 

 owners of live stock; but, in the author's opinion, they are generally 



