FORESTRY. 641 



Chrysanthemums— certificated varieties of 1898, J. E. Whyte (Florists' Ex- 

 change, 10 (1S98), No. 50, pp. 1177-1179, figs. 25). — Photographs and originators' 

 descriptions of 25 out of 32 varieties certificated by the Chrysanthemum Society of 

 America during 1898. 



Specimen bush-grown chrysanthemums — how a successful exhibitor does 

 the work, W. C. RUSSELL ( Amer. Gar A., 19 ( 1898), No. 207, pp. 837, 838, pis. 3). 



The bladder ferns (Cystopteris) (Garden,54 (1898), No. 1413, p. 485, fig. 1).— Botan- 

 ical and cultural notes. Especially describes a new method of growing Chrysopteris 

 montana. For many years the culture of this species has been considered very diffi- 

 cult. The culture suggested, which is stated to be "as simple as effective," consists 

 in excavating a pit and filling it to the depth of 12 in. with coarse and small brick 

 rubble and covering with only a very little loam and leaf mold, in which the rhizomes 

 are planted. 



Bulbous irises (Garden, 54 (1898), No. 1412, pp. 470, 471, pi. 1, figs. 4).— Cultural 

 notes and a list of the varieties best adapted for cultivation. 



Raising palms from seed, C. W. Rankin, M. Horvath, M. Munte, and J. E. 

 Hinkle ( Amer. Gard., 20 (1S99), No. 211, pp. 3-5). — Essays submitted in competition 

 for a prize. 



Placeas ( Garden, 54(1898), No. 1414, pp. 510, 511, pi. 1).— Botanical and horticultural 

 notes. 



About pruning roses, J. Meehan (Netv England Florist, 4 (1898), No. 42, p. 509). 



The hardy sumachs, W. J.Beax (Garden, 54 (1S9S), No. 1414, pp. 505-507, pis. 4).— 

 Descriptive and cultural notes and list of hardy species. 



The beginning of the culture of plants under glass, G. Gibault (Jour. Soc. Nat. 

 Hort. France, 3. set:, 20 (1898), pp. 1109-1117). — Notes upon the industry in ancient 

 Rome and its renaissance in France. 



Notes on watering, F. Cranekield (Amer. Florist, 14 (1899), No. 554, pp. 698, 699). — 

 Report upon experiments pointing to the conclusion that the growth of ordinary 

 greenhouse and garden crops is not affected by the temperature of any water usually 

 available for irrigation purposes. 



Greenhouse heating, H. W. Gibbons (Amer. Gard., 19 (1898), No. 204, pp. 789-791).— 

 The author discusses the relative merits of steam and hot-water heating for particular 

 purposes and considers the arrangement of pipes, boilers, etc. 



FORESTRY. 



Internal temperatures of tree trunks, E. A. Emerson (Proc. Ne- 

 braska Acad. Sci., 6, 1896, pp. 245-252, figs. 4). — Observations on the 

 internal temperatures of tree trunks and limbs were made continuously 

 during the summer of 1894, and at intervals during the spring and 

 summer of 1890, and the winter of 1896-97. Temperatures were 

 taken in several apple trees, a cottouwood, a box-elder, and a maple. 

 During the first summer temperatures were taken regularly from one 

 to three times daily. After that readings were made hourly and in 

 some cases at intervals of r> to 10 minutes throughout a considerable 

 part of the day. Temperatures were taken at the center and at the 

 surface of trunks and limbs when exposed to direct sunlight and when 

 shaded by foliage and by screens, and these were compared with tem- 

 peratures taken in the air, both in shade and in sunlight. The tempera- 

 tures of live limbs were compared with those of sound dead limbs as 

 found and after being soaked in water. A brief account is given of the 

 methods used in taking the temperatures. Charts are given showing 

 14270— No. 7 4 



