ENTOMOLOGY. 657 



in appearance as it grows, but becomes stouter and is known as a fat, 

 white worm or grub. The larvae from which males are produced are 

 smaller than those producing females. ■ The cocoon and pupa are 

 described as well as the mature insect. The male moth is said to be of 

 a steel-blue, almost black color, with a narrow yellow collar and narrow 

 yellow bands on the abdomen, giving it a decided wasp like appear- 

 ance. The female is larger, more heavily built, bluish in color, and has 

 a broad orange band about the middle of the abdomen by which it can 

 be readily recognized. 



The injuries caused by the borers are described. No peach tree seems 

 to be safe from attack. When the borers once get into the tree there 

 is nothing to do but cut them out. The principal treatment is a pre- 

 ventive one. The experiments were made in the protection of the trees 

 with newspapers, waxed heavy paper, heavy manila wrapping paper, 

 tar paper, tile tree protectors, wooden box protectors, hydraulic cement 

 and skim milk, hydraulic cement and water, Bordeaux mixture with an 

 excess of lime, and wrapping with wire netting. All covers were 

 extended at least 12 in. above and 2 in. below the ground. The experi- 

 ments were carried out in a number of orchards and the detailed reports 

 are given. The experiments show that wrapping the trees with double 

 thickness of newspapers so that at least 15 in. of the trunk above 

 ground is covered is one of the most efficient methods. When the 

 wrappings are taken off, which should be done about the middle of 

 September, the trees should be closely examined, and if any borers 

 have made their way in above the paper they should be cut out. The 

 paper wrapping should be put on the trees every year not later than 

 the first week in June. In tying on the papers too strong or stiff twine 

 should not be used, since peach trees grow rapidly and may become 

 girdled unless the twine is somewhat yielding and breaks under a 

 moderate strain. 



The experiments conducted with hydraulic cement were quite suc- 

 cessful, and the author recommends a mixture of cement and skim milk 

 to be applied to the tree trunks. This forms a continuous coating that 

 will remain in good condition during the entire summer. It does not 

 appear to produce any injury whatever, is impenetrable to young larval 

 insects, and such a surface would not be selected by the adult for ovi- 

 position. The coating is said to be sufficiently elastic to admit of mod- 

 erate growth and quite brittle enough to break readily from efforts of 

 any insects to get out from beneath the bark. It would not therefore 

 prevent the exit of borers that are already working in the tree, but 

 would keep out young larvae attempting to get in. 



The author thinks probably this cement added to some of the soap 

 washes used by fruit growers would improve their lasting qualities. 

 The water and cement mixture was so far inferior to that made with 

 skim milk that its use is not recommended. In all cases the cement 

 should be broken up with a stiff brush when the danger season is over. 

 14270— No. 7 o 



