DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 685 



Experiments on the effect on butter of feeding cotton-seed and 

 sesame-oil cake, T. E. Thorpe (Analyst, 23 (1898), Oct, pp. 255-259).— 

 Tbese experiments were made for the British Board of Agriculture by 

 the Southeastern Agricultural College at Wye, "for the purpose of 

 determining whether and to what extent the substances giving the 

 cotton-seed and sesame-oil reactions might be found in the butter made 

 from the milk of cows fed on cotton-seed and sesame-oil cakes." 



Twelve cows were fed in 4 lots during periods, commencing 

 February 16 and ending May 25. A part or the whole of the linseed 

 cake in the basal ration was replaced in different periods by cotton- 

 seed cake or sesame cake, as high as 7 lbs. of each being fed per cow 

 daily, which was the limit to the amount the cows would eat. Butter 

 was made from the milk and samples were tested for the cotton-seed 

 oil and sesame oil reactions. They were also compared with butter 

 made with the addition of 1, 2, and 5 per cent of 4 representative 

 samples of cotton-seed oil. 



The general conclusions from the experiment are summarized as 

 follows : 



" (1) Cows fed on cotton-seed oil cake produce milk the butter fat of which gives 

 cotton-seed oil reactions. 



" (2) The reactions appear when the cows receive only a small quantity of cake. 

 They increase somewhat with continuous feeding, hut apparently can uot he carried 

 beyond a certain point, even when the amount of cake is increased to the full limit 

 which the cows under ordinary circumstances care to eat. 



" (3) The reacting substance passes into the milk within less than 24 hours after the 

 cake feeding begins, and continues to do so for several days after it has been dropped. 



" (4 ) The reactions vary in intensity in individual cows, but do not in any case much 

 exceed those given by 1 per cent of cotton-seed oil mixed with butter. The pre- 

 sumption is, therefore, that in butter made in the ordinary way from the mixed 

 milks of several cows the reaction would, as a rule, be less than that due to the 

 presence of 1 per cent of the oil, and experiment shows that this is actually the case. 



"(5) As feeding with cotton-seed oil cake gives butter affording analytical data 

 tending to differ from rather than to approach to those given by margarine, it appears 

 to be possible in most cases to differentiate between the cotton-seed oil reaction due 

 to feeding on eotton-seed oil cake and that produced by any considerable admixture 

 of margarine containing cotton-seed oil with butter. 



" (6) The butter from the milk of cows fed on sesame-oil cake gives no sesame-oil 

 reaction, oven after more than 5 months' continuous feeding up to as large a quan- 

 tity as the cows will take." 



The changes in butter due to feeding fat, G. Baumert and F. 

 Falke (ZUchr. Untersuch. Nalir. u. Gcmtssmtl., 1898, No. 10, pp. 665- 

 078). — This experiment was made at the agricultural institute at Halle. 

 Two cows were fed from January 17 to May 7, 1897, in 5 periods of 20 

 days each, the lirst half of each period being regarded as preparatory. 

 A constant basal ration was fed throughout the experiment. To this 

 was added per cow 701) to 900 gm. of sesame oil in the second period ; 

 550 to 700 gm. of cocoanut oil in the third period, and 500 gm. of almond 

 oil in the fourth period. The oil was given as in Soxhlet's experiments 

 (F. S. K.j 8, p. 101G), in the form of an emulsion as a warm drink. Sweet 



