HORTICULTURE. 755 



definite, however, than those obtained by the use of dry heat. It is 

 considered a valuable means of protection in localities where the tem- 

 perature falls but little below the danger point, and where there is a 

 considerable area of orchards together. 



The temperature in groves protected by wind-breaks was found to be 

 almost invariably from 1 to 2° higher than in exposed orchards in the 

 immediate neighborhood. 



The degree of cold endurable by flower buds of the plum and 

 cherry, E. S. Goff (Wisconsin Sta, Bpt. 1897, pp. 309-313, dgm. 1).— 

 Observations at the Wisconsin Station, with notes from the New York 

 State Station, indicate that flower buds of varieties of the native plum 

 endure without harm a greater degree of cold than those of varieties of 

 the European plum (Primus domestica) or Japan plum (Primus triflora). 

 In Wisconsin during the winter of 1895-96 the temperature at the 

 station was not lower than —13° F., and the flower buds of 8 varieties 

 of Primus domestica were uninjured. During the winter of 1896-97 the 

 temperature was lower than —13° F. on 3 days, and was —23° on one 

 night, and all the flower buds on the same varieties were destroyed, 

 excepting a few on " Orel 20." The flower buds of the cherries Dye 

 House, Large Morello, and Late Morello suffered less from the cold 

 than the buds of the European varieties. 



Is the ripening season of a pistillate strawberry affected by 

 the blooming period of its pollenizer? E. S. Goff (Wisconsin Sta. 

 Rpt. 1897, pp. 283-285).— The influence of the pollen of Michel Early, 

 Wilson, and Parker Earleupon the ripening season and fruitfulness of 

 the Warfield strawberry was tested. The experiment was conducted 

 during 2 seasons. The different plats covering about one-half acre 

 were grown under conditions as nearly uniform as possible. The yield 

 of fruit from each plat at each of 12 pickings in both seasons is given 

 in tabular form and the results are summarized by the author as 

 follows: 



'When the Warfield was pollenized by Michel Early, an early bloomer, 68.8 per 

 cent of tbe total crop was gathered in the first 6 pickings. When the Warfield was 

 pollenized by Wilson, an early bloomer, 65 per cent of the total crop was gathered 

 in the first 6 pickings. When the Warfield was pollenized by Parker Earle, a late 

 bloomer, 56.3 per cent of the total crop was gathered in the first 6 pickings." 



The average yield for the 2 seasons from the rows pollenized by the 

 early blooming strawberries was somewhat larger than that from the 

 rows pollenized by the late blooming strawberry, but the author sug- 

 gests that this difference might easily result from an imperceptible 

 variation in the soil. 



Cold vs. -warm water for greenhouse plants, F. Cranefield 

 ( Wisconsin Sta. Bpt. 1897, pp. 317-320, figs. 2). — An experiment was 

 conducted to determine the temperature of water best suited to the 

 growth of certain plants under glass. Cuttings of equal length were 

 taken from the top shoots of a single plant of the Golden Bedder coleus 

 and placed in 4 equal compartments of an ordinary greenhouse flat. 



