DAIRY FARMING DAIRYING. 781 



Molasses as a feed for swine, G. Faye and E. Frederiksen ( Ugeskr. Landm., 43 

 (1S9S), No. 11, pp. 134-139). — Forty pigs were divided into 2 lots of 20 each, one lot 

 was fed Indian corn and the other harley. In each case molasses feed was substi- 

 tuted for one-third of the grain ration of part of the pigs. 



The test covered 140 days. The results are expressed in full in tabular form. The 

 test indicates that beet molasses when it is uot fed too heavily, is an economical 

 food for swine, its feeding value being equal to about three-fourths of that of grain 

 feeds, pound for pound. — f. w. woll. 



Rape for swine, J. A. Craig ( Wisconsin Sta. Ept. 1S97, pp. 80, SI). — The tests were 

 reported in a previous publication (E. S. R., 9, p. 374). 



Concerning horse raising in Denmark, S. von Nathusius (Fiihling's Landw. Ztg., 

 4? (1898), No. 22, pp. 834-840; 23, pp. 865-870) .—The author visited Denmark and 

 gives his opinion of horses aud borse raising in that country in some detail. 



The duration of a horse's life and the limits of his usefulness for work and 

 breeding purposes, Zi'RN (Fiihling's Landw. Ztg., 47 (1898), No. 24, pp. 929-931). — 

 The author quotes many instances which are believed to be authentic of horses 

 which have lived to an extreme age and many of them have been useful as draft 

 animals and for breeding purposes. 



DAIRY FARMING— DAIRYING. 



Variations in milk and milk production, E. Davenport and W. J. 

 Fraser (Illinois Sta. Bui. 51, pj). 77-104, dgm. 1). — This is a record for 

 2 high-grade Jerseys, 2 registered Holsteins, and 1 high-grade Holstein. 

 All were given similar care and feed. The fat was determined by the 

 Babcock test and the solids-not-fat were calculated from the lactometer 

 reading. The data were recorded for each of the 5 cows separately for 

 each milking. A complete record for all 5 cows for 1 month and of 1 

 cow for 10 months is given in tables. The records of all the cows for 3 

 months were compiled and the results are presented and discussed. 

 The yield and quality of the milk at the beginning and near the close 

 of the period of lactation was also considered. A diagram is given 

 showing the daily feed consumed and the yield of milk and fat for 2 

 cows for a period of 4 months. The authors' deductions from the 

 record are as follows : 



"The yield of milk from different cows under the same conditions differs greatly, 

 and that from the same cow varies widely from day to day. 



"The composition of milk is highly variable; the ratio of fat to other solids, and 

 that of solids to water, is not constant as between different cows or for the same 

 cow on successive clays. 



"The percentage of fat, or of other solids, is not always highest in the smaller 

 yields, but cows that give milk with a high percentage of solids generally show a 

 low total yield. 



" Fat is the most variable constituent of milk, and its variations are independent 

 of those of the other solids ; therefore the yield of milk is a better index of the other 

 solids than it is of the fat. 



"As regards the first and last milk drawn, the proportion of solids-not-fat is 

 higher in the first, but the proportion of fat is decidedly greater in the last. 



"When the milking periods are unequal the longer period will generally, though 

 not always, give the larger yield of milk, of fat, and of solids-not-fat; but the differ- 

 ence in yield does not correspond to the difference ' in time ; that is, the secretion 

 calculated per hour is greater during the shorter period. 



