HORTICULTURE. 963 



Chervil in the sixteenth century, E. Ro/.e {.Jour. Soe. Nat. Hort. France, 3. ser., 

 21 (1S99), Jan., pp. 75-79).— Notes on the history and present utilization of this 

 vegetable in France. 



Protecting tender trees and shrubs in winter, J. Meeiian (Park and Cemetery, 

 8 {1S98), No. 10, p. 191). — The author states that the winterkilling of many tender 

 evergreens, as Magnolia grandifiora, is caused by light and excessive evaporation 

 rather than by low temperatures. Injurious effects resulting from such conditions 

 may be obviated by mulching, covering the foliage, as for instance with leaves, and 

 making screens on the north side of the plant. With deciduous trees and shrubs 

 the screens inay be omitted. 



Distribution of seeds and plants, E. J. Wickson (California Sta. Seed Bid., 

 1S9S-99, pp. 14). — Owing to the serious drought, the distribution of plants and seeds 

 has been seriously interfered with and the number of applications as well as the 

 amount of material distributed have fallen off at least 50 per cent. 



Descriptive notes are given of the various plants and seeds which are ottered for 

 distribution. Attention is called to the use of resistant apple roots as a stock where 

 the woolly aphis is particularly troublesome. In order to give them a local trial, 

 roots of selected Northern Spy stock have been imported from Australia and will be 

 distributed for use in root grafting. 



Means of preventing depredations by rabbits in orchards and nurseries and 

 methods of treating the injured trees, E. 8. Zukn (Dent. Landw. Presse, 25 (189S), 

 Nos. 102, pp. 1055, 1056; 103, p. 106.5). 



Canning fruit, W. Craig, jr. (Jour. Agr. and Hort., 2 (1899), No. 16, pp. 369, 370).— 

 Brief historical notes and a statement of principles involved, together with the 

 method that the author considers best. 



Some good berries, F. H. Hall and W. Paddock (New York State Sta. Bui. 147, 

 popular ed.,pp. 4). — A popular summary of Bulletin 147 of the station (see p. 961). 



The Marcon and Cazenave systems of grape training, P. Mouillefert (Jour. 

 Agr. Prat., 63 (1899), No. 8, pp. 286-288, figs. 5).— The former is a modification of the 

 latter; both belong to the French long-pruned cordon system. Neither can be used 

 except with certain varieties on very rich soils. 



A method of training the grape in upright cordons by looping, C. Grosde- 

 mange (Rev. Hort., 71 (1899), No. 5, pp. 105, 106, figs. 2).— A method devised by M. 

 Pe"cheux. It consists in taking a loop in the cordon and, after pruning, fastening 

 the upper part of it downward at a considerable angle. This method is highly 

 recommended. It is also used ou the peach, though with more difficulty. 



Green manuring of the vine on the light soils of the center and west of 

 France, G. Pageot (Jour. Agr. Prat., 63(1899), No. 8, pp. 288-290; 9, pp. 311-314).— 

 On very poor light soils chemical fertilizers have not given satisfaction. A method 

 is described for the use of green manuring in vineyards on such lands, with an 

 itemized statement of the expense. 



The European and Japanese chestnuts in the eastern United States, G. II. 

 Powell (Delaware Sta. Bui. 42, abridged ed., pp. 16, figs. 7).— This is an abridged edi- 

 tion of Bulletin 42 of the station (see p. 962). 



Raising new varieties of carnations from seed (Florist*' Exchange, 11 (1S99), 

 No. 10, p. 254, figs. 6).— Practical directions, dealing mostly with the mechanical 

 details of cross pollination. 



Synonyms in chrysanthemums, J. F. Favard (Iter. Hort., 71 (1S99), No. .?, p. 

 67).— A list of synonyms established by the Committee on Classification of the 

 National Chrysanthemum Society of England. 



The decline of the orchid (Garden, 55 (1899), No. 1423,pp. 1:7. tS8).—A considera- 

 tion of the causes that have led to a decline, which the author assumes in this article 

 has taken place. While specific application of the argument is made only to the 

 orchid, the discussion would apply with equal force to other flowers that have for a 

 time enjoyed a great measure of popular favor but whose popularity is on the wane. 



