988 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. 



The experiments are discussed at length and are summarized as 

 follows : 



"(1) Skim milk when fed in combination with grain makes a very valuable food 

 for hogs at all periods of their growth, but particularly so during the earlier periods. 



"(2) Skim milk and grain in combination make a much more economic ration for 

 hogs than either milk alone or grain alone. The milk-and-grain-fed lots required 

 2.58 lbs. of digestible matter, the milk-fed lots 2.85 lbs., and the grain-fed lots 3.19 

 lbs. to make 1 lb. of gain in live weight. 



"(3) When fed in combination with grain, skim milk has 63 per cent greater feed- 

 ing value than it has when fed alone, 100 lbs. of skim milk taking the place of 23.2 

 lbs. of grain in the former case aud 14.2 lbs. in the latter. 



"(4) The hogs fed on the milk-and-grain ration made much more rapid gains than 

 either those fed on milk alone or grain alone. The time required to make 100 lbs. of 

 gain was 79 days for the hogs fed on milk and grain, 116 days for those fed on grain 

 alone, and 147 days when the food was milk alone. 



"(5) When the skim milk and grain were fed in the proportion of 3 lbs. or less of 

 skim milk to 1 lb. of grain, the return for the skim milk was greater than when a 

 larger proportion was fed. When fed in the proportion of 2 lbs. of skim milk to 1 

 lb. of grain, 100 lbs. of milk took the place of 31 lbs. of grain, but when fed in the 

 proportion of 4 lbs. of skim milk to 1 lb. of grain, only 24 lbs. were displaced. 



"(6) Hogs fed on milk alone gained very slowly and did not keep in good health; 

 in some cases they were off their feed so frequently that a change of feed had to be 

 made. The milk and grain fed hogs, however, without exception, kept in good 

 health. 



"(7) Young hogs fed on grain alone did not do well and appeared to make poor 

 use of the food they ate. The hogs on this ration required 2.92 lbs. of digestible 

 matter to make 1 lb. of gain at an average weight of 73 lbs., aud only 2.83 lbs. when 

 they weighed 127 lbs. When the food was changed to milk and grain a marked 

 improvement was effected in their growth and thriftiness. 



"(8) Those hogs fed on milk alone or grain alone when on pasture, did much 

 better than hogs similarly fed in small pens. The milk-fed lot, on pasture, gained 

 0.05 lb. more per day aud required 0.54 lb. less dry matter to 1 lb. of gain than 

 did the lot fed in pens, and the grain-fed lot, on pasture, gained 0.3 lb. more per 

 day and required 0.88 lb. less of dry matter to each pound of gain. On the; other 

 hand, however, the hogs fed milk and grain in combination did better in the pens, 

 gaining 0.05 lb. more per day than did those on pasture and required practically the 

 same amouut of foo'd to make a pound of gain. 



"(9) The appetite of the hogs and the palatability of the food seemed to have a 

 very beneficial effect upon the rapidity and economy of the gain. The milk-and- 

 grain-fed hogs ate 0.37 lb. more digestible matter per day than those fed on grain 

 alone, and 1.46 lbs. more than those fed on milk alone. They gained 0.41 lb. per 

 day more than the hogs fed grain alone and 0.59 lb. more than those fed milk alone. 

 They also required 0.51 lb. less digestible matter for each pound of gain than did 

 the hogs fed grain alone and 0.27 lb. less than the hogs fed milk alone. 



"(10) Young hogs are in every way the more economic producers of pork. The 

 hogs fed milk and grain required 62 per cent more to grow a pound of live weight 

 when they weighed from 200 to 255 lbs. than they did when they weighed from 38 to 

 100 lbs. and for those hogs fed on grain alone the difference in favor of the smaller 

 weight was 56 per cent." 



Experiments in calf feeding (pp. 237-24G). — Tests extending over 4 

 years were made with 16 calves to learn the relative value of skim milk 

 and whole milk. In all the tests the calves were fed separately in 

 stalls. In every case they were separated from the cow when 12 hours 



