FORESTRY. 1045 



Naturalizing daffodils, E. Bukkell (Gardening, 55 (1899), No. 14S9, pp. 234, 935);— 

 Soil, not situation, is considered the important factor in the naturalization of daffo- 

 dils. A deep sandy loam, with no suspicion of clogging or water logging, is consid- 

 ered hest. If the soil is favorable, daffodils will thrive in any exposure, though a 

 northwest aspect with very light soil is most desirable. 



What is a cactus dahlia? H. P. Burt (Amer. Gard., 20 (1899), No. 224,pp. 257, 

 258).— Dahlias are divided, according to the shape of the ray, into three types, one of 

 which is the cactus dahlia. This type is distinguished from the others by three 

 fundamental characters, which are given. 



Freesias, F. A. Waugh (Gardening, 7 (1899), No. 157, pp. 196, 197, fig. 1; Amer. 

 Florist, 14 (1899), No. 569, pp. 1178, 1179, fig. 1).— -Suggestions for simplifying the con- 

 fusing nomenclature of these flowers, and notes upon their amelioration. 



Walls made of ashes and cement for solid beds, E. Lonsdale (Amer. Florist, 14 

 {1899), No. 567, pp. 1117, 1118; Gardening, 7 (1899), No. 159, pp. 235-237).— A cheap 

 method is described of constructing the walls of greenhouse beds. Brick may be 

 replaced by a material composed of 6 to 7 parts of anthracite coal ashes and 1 part 

 good Portland cement, the top being finished off with a mixture of 2 parts of sand 

 to 1 of cement. 



FORESTRY. 



A sketch of the original distribution of white pine in the lower 

 peninsula. 0. F. Wheeler (Michigan Sta. Bui. 162, p. 5, map 1). — In 

 the lower peniusula of Michigan the white pine is said to have been 

 generally distributed north of the forty-third parallel, although the 

 actual southern limit of lumbering does not conform to this line. In 

 1835 it was said that the standing pine was estimated at 150,000,000,000 

 ft. In 1880, as reported by the census report for that year, the mer- 

 chantable timber in the lower peninsula was estimated at 29,000,000,- 

 €00 ft. and the total cut for that year was estimated at a little over 

 4,500,000,000 ft. The latest estimate of the standing white pine was 

 made by the State Commissioner of Labor iu 1896, in which it is shown 

 there were approximately 775,000 acres of white pine still standing iu 

 the forests of Michigan. 



The present condition of Michigan forest and stump lands, with 

 suggestions as to their care, F. C. Skeels (Michigan Sta. Bui. 162, 

 %jp. 7-12, maj) l,fig. 1). — The present condition of the original forests 

 of Michigan as stated shows that fully 90 per cent of all wooded lands 

 in the State are owned by private parties who will convert the timber 

 into merchantable forms as fast as the market will receive it. Much of 

 the timber in these forests is said to be already past its prime, and it is 

 thought that if the large owners could be interested in the proper cutting 

 of the forests much good could be accomplished. In the maintenance 

 of the present forests two things must be combated, timber thieves and 

 forest fires. In order to accomplish this, legislation will be necessary 

 whereby wardens will be provided for the protection of forests and 

 stump lands.. It is also thought that some means should be adopted to 

 influence the owners of stump lands to deed them back to the State, 

 "which should have charge of the reforesting of these lands. 



