in this year, almost simultaneously wiMi the works of liischotr and \'oit, 

 appeared the first number of the licitriigo ziir Begriinditng einer ration- 

 dlen FiiftcriDig der WicdtrlHucy, by Ileiinehei*^ and Stohmann. For 

 the first time the solid and li(inid materials exereted by herbivora uinler 

 well-defined circumstances liad been carefully studie«l in numerous 

 experiments, with reference to (piantity and chemical (;om])osition. 

 These experiments threw nuKth li<;hton the food reciuirements of mature 

 oxen, and showed in general the manner in which imj)ortant (piestions 

 in animal nutrition must be solved." 



The specific questions i)roposed for study by Henneberg early in his 

 work are stated by him as follows: 



(1) What are the actually nutritive ingredients in different feeding 

 stufls and in what proportions do tliey occur in each ? 



(2) In what proi)ortions must their nutritive ingredients be fed in 

 order to produce from a minimum of food the maximum of flesh (leau) 

 or fat, or both I 



For the solution of these questions, TTenneberg, with his assistants 

 and colaborers at Weende, among whom have been Stohmann, Custav 

 Kiihn, Kautenberg, Maercker, tl. Schultze, E. Schulze, Fleischer, K. 

 JVIiilier, Kern, Wattenberg, Th. Pfeifler, and F. Lehmann, undertook 

 investigations upon the methods of analysis of feeding stuffs, digesti- 

 bility of the ingredients, and the nutritive effects as shown by feeding 

 experiments. 



The methods of analysis of feeding stufls known as the Weende or 

 IlennebergStohmann nu^thods, which with minor modifications are in 

 common use in Euroi)e and America to-day, were elaborated and soon 

 found general recognition. These methods were applied not only to 

 determining the percentages of cellulose, fat, protein, and nitrogen-free 

 extract in feeding stuffs, but also in connection with feeding experi- 

 ments, to determining the amount of each of these ingredients actually 

 digested by animals. IJenneberg reasoned that if the feces as well as 

 the food given, were subjected to analysis, the difference between the 

 amount of each ingredient in the food and in the feces would represent 

 the amounts of crude cellulose, crude fat, crude protein, and nitrogen- 

 free extract which had been digested, an idea which at that time 

 (1859) was new. Experiments were begun on the digestion by cattle of 

 various feeding stuffs when fed alone or in combination with large or 

 small (luantities of easily digestible materials, and these were after a 

 time taken up by other experimenters. lOarly in these investigations 

 it was discovered that the crude fiber of the coarser fodders (hay, straw, 

 etc.), which up to this time had been considered as indigestible, was to 

 a large extent (one half or more) dissolved in the intestinal canal, and 

 that the nitrogen-free extract, which had been supposed to be wholly 

 digested, was in the case of coarser fodders, scarcely more digestible 

 than the crude fiber. It was found that in the process of digestion 

 crude cellulose yields a substance having the formula of pure cellulose 



