or starch In solution. A third clisoovery was with regard to a depres- 

 siou in difjestibility sometimes noticed. 



Henneberg eaily reached the conclusion that " without the aid of 

 respiration experiments the laws underlying the formation of flesh and 

 fat can not be worked out conclusively." In 1862 means were secured 

 from the Government of Hanover for erecting a respiration apparatus 

 on the plan of that used by Pettenkofer in Munich in investigations on 

 carnivorous animals. For many years this was the only apparatus of 

 the kind in nse in agricultural investigations. Unexpected and serious 

 difficulties were met with in the use of an apparatus sufliciently large 

 for the purpose, and years of patient labor were required to overcome 

 these. At length, however, it became possible to present a clear and 

 complete representation of the transformation of nitrogen within the 

 body, and to work out the first metabolic proportions for farm animals. 

 The results of the experiments of Pettenkofer and Voit on carnivorous 

 animals were applied by Henneberg and his assistants to ruminants, 

 and hapi^ily for the progress of science the results obtained in ^Munich 

 and in Weende conlirmed each other. The most important facts brought 

 out for ruminants were as follows : 



An increased consumption of j>rotein in the food is accompanied by 

 an increased breaking down of the all>uniinoi(l materials of tlie l>ody, 

 i. e. increased nitrogen metabolism. 



The amount of protein in the food regulates the nitrogen metabolism 

 but not the nitrogen storage, that is to say, the amount of luotcin 

 transformed but not the amount of lean flesh accumulated in the body. 

 Itis a mistake, therefore, to assume that such nitrogenous feeding stntts 

 as bean meal or rape cake will in all cases increase the production of 

 lean flesh or other nitrogenous materials of the body to a degree that 

 will be pecuniarily proti table. 



The addition of non-nitrogenous ingredients to thefood without chang- 

 ing the ])rotein may cause an increased formation of flesh (lean). These 

 materials ma}', under some conditions, produce as good results as the 

 addition of a like amount of protein to the food. 



The formation of fat in the body of neat cattle probably takes place 

 irrespective of the presence or absence of fat in the food. The exact 

 influence of protein on the formation of fat remains to be determined, 



Under otherwise corresponding circumstances, the process of respi- 

 ration in diflerent-sized animals is dependent on the surface exposed, 

 i. c, the area of the surlace of the body. 



In 1879, studies were begun as to the effect on the total metabolism 

 in grown animals of adding different and increased proportions of the 

 several ingredients of food to a maintenance ration. The tirst series of 

 these experiments was with regard to the albuminoids. This was 

 worked out according to the original plan, but could not be published 

 until recently (see Experiment Station Record, vol. ii, ]>. 402). Similar 

 experiments with regard to the carbohydrates and fats were carried out 

 in 1882, but the means for controlling the results and extending the 



