12 



solution of sodium chloride at 65° C. The followiog summary of the 

 results of these studies is given by the author : 



(1) The proteid body removed from frcsli-grouiid oats by direct extractiou with 

 weak alcohol, first observed by Norton and by him designated gliitin, when dehy- 

 drated by absolnte alcohol and dried over snlphnric acid, is a light-yellowish jiow- 

 der, insoluble in pure water as well as in absolute alcohol, soluble in mixtures of 

 alcohol and water, soluble also in dilute acids and alkalis, and from these solutions 

 thrown down by neutralization. Separated from its solution in alcohol of 60 per 

 cent by evaporating oil" the alcohol, it Ibrnis a yellowish, slimy mass. Its composi- 

 tion is given in the [following] table under I. This substance is remarkable for its 

 considerable content of suli>hur, which is exceeded by that of keratin alone among 

 the proteids, and is otherwise ccjualed only by that recorded in some analyses of 

 Berum-albniiiin. 



(2) Wln-n the substance described above is heated with dilute alcohol for some 

 time it coagulates and becomes insoluble in that liquid, but without apparent change 

 of com{)osition. II is the average of three accordant analyses of this coagulated 

 form of the alcohol-soluble proteid. 



Kreiisler obtained this material from the oat, but what Uitthauseu and he named 

 oat gliadin was a jtroduct of its further alteration by the chemical treatment to which 

 it was subjected with a view to purification. 



(3) When oats are first treated with water or 10 per cent solution of common salt, 

 before extraction with dilute alcohol, the alcohol-soluble proteid undergoes alteration, 

 and a body of dilVcrent composition and prt>perties n-snlt'S. In the table, III is the 

 mean of closely agreeing analyses of this substance ; it is much more sf)luble in dilute 

 alcohol than I, and is not coagulated or transformed into an insoluble modification. 

 When wet with absolute alrohol, the moisture attracted from the air soon renders 

 it gummy and tenaciously adhesive, unlike I. 



Its composition, as i(!g irds carbon, hytlrogen, and nitrog>'H, is very near to that 

 found by Dumas aud Calimirs, ami also by vou Hibra, for gliadin or plant-gvlatin (ex- 

 tracted by h(»t alcohol fr.nii wheat gluten and remaining diss<iived in the alcohol 

 when cold). 



(4) The chief proteid extracted by cold l(t per cent salt sidution behave.s towanl 

 reagents like the nniosin-glohnlin from animal muscle, as first statcnl by Woyl. Con- 

 trary to Weyl's observations, however, the coagulation temperature (80^ to 100° C.) is 

 much higher than that of animal myosin (r>.'> tob'J- C). This proteid appears to be the 

 result of a transformation similar to that by which myosin is fornu-d from myosino- 

 gen. Its composition is given under IV, and is very near to that of nnisele myosin. 

 The greatest proi»orlion of this proteid extracted by salt solution from the oat was 

 1.3 per cent. 



(."i) The proteid extracted, alter complete exhaustion r>f the oats with alcohol of 

 O.tt specific gravity, by 10 per cent salt solution (analysis under V), and that dis- 

 solved out by dilute potash (analysis uniler Vu), have so nearly the same composition 

 as the globulin extracted by salt sulntion directly that they may be reganled as 

 originally idtMilical, IV represenling the soluble fuiin V, and Va the insoluble or 

 "albuminate" modi licat ion. 



((j) When ground oats are directly extracted by weak potash solution witlmnt 

 previous treatment with water or dilute alcohol, nearly the wlnde of the proteids is 

 dissolved. The substance so extracted, after completely removing the body soluble 

 in weak alcohol, is perhaps the .same as that first designated arciiine by Johnston and 

 Norton, who extracted oats with dilute ammonia water. Its composition, as indi- 

 cated by analysis of a single jireparation, is stated under VI. 



(7) When ground oats are exposed to the action of water, a large share of the pnv 

 toids becomes insoluble in dilute potash solution, the amount so rendered insoluble 

 iucrcasing with the duration of llio contact with water. One hour's treatmeut with 



