177 



Tlic tollowiriu' iiitci cstiii^' discox »•!•> is reported in tlie case of the 

 ciibbajic iipliis: 



During XovciiibiT wo diHcovered that the sexual Koifnition develops lute in 

 aiitiinm on the cabbage, aiul that the egjjs jire lahl ou the eabbafjo leaves. The 

 true male is a small, winged ereature,\vith a more slender body than the other winged 

 forms. Tlie egg-laying female has no wings and is pale green in <olor. 



This discovery of thi- fact that the insect passes tlie winter in the egg state on the 

 cabbage leaves lias an important eionomic bearing. It suggests as one of the Itest 

 ways of preventing tlie injuries of tliis iiest, the destruction during winter of the old 

 cabl)age leaves with tht^ eggs upon them, instead of leaving tlieni uiMlistiirbed until 

 spring, as is too often done. 



Several kinds of spraying apparatus tested at the station are described 



;iiid ilhistiiitcd. The article is illtistrated with two plates ;iinl nine 

 lioiires, a number of which are original. 



Pennsylvania Station, Bulletin No. 16, July, 1891 (pp. 18). 



Chestnut ci i/n re for fkuit, W. A. Buckiiout, M. S. (pp. 

 .'-U), — A discussion of the advantages of cultivating nuts, esi)ccially 

 ciiestnuts,* in Pennsylvania. 



[The chestnut] is adapted to the climate <»f Pennsylvania aud grows well on the 

 ligiit, gravelly soils of hillsides, though not thriving lui heavy limestone land. It 

 may be propagateil as a seedling from second growth sprouts, and bj' grafting of 

 nanu'd varieties upon native stocks; varieties, too, may b«i improved by hybridization. 

 In addition to its fruit its wood is of great valut; and its bark is used for tanning. 



Vol- planting th(! seed must bo kept moist, and must be covered by sand or saw- 

 dust until planted, which is best done in the fall, at not too great a depth, and with 

 careful firming. Plant where the trees are to remain, for transplanting is excei»tionally 

 injurious to the young chestnut. European and .JapaiU'se varieties, though not hardy 

 in our climate, do well on native stalks, produce more and better fruit than our small 

 native varii-ty, and sometimes bear in 4 years. Tojj-graft on vigorous stalks just 

 starting into growth; cut the scions early, and keep dormant till grafted, as in case 

 of apples. Scions may be obtained from most nurserymen. To secure early aud best 

 bearing, trees must not bo too closely jilanted, and bushes and other trees must bo 

 cut away sufficiently to prevent interference, so that there shall be a low, round- 

 headed development. 



Analysis of several varieties of ohestxuts, W. Freak, Pu. 

 I), (pp. 12-18). — General statements regarding the composition of chest- 

 nuts, and tabulated results of analyses with explanatory notes. The 

 following tables are from the bulletin: 



Proportion of shell and kernel. 



