202 



"The figures of the tables show that in the States and Territories there were on 

 hand June 1, 1890, 14,976,017 horses, 2,246,936 mules, and 49,109 asses; that in 1X89 

 there were foaled 1,814,404 horses, 157,105 niules, and 7,957 asses; that there were 

 sold in the same year 1,309,557 horses, 329,995 mules, and 7,271 asses; and that there 

 died from all causes 765,211 horses, mules, and asses during the same period. 



"The increase of horses from 1880 to 1890 is shown to be 44.59 per cent, as against 

 44.95 per cent between 1870 and 1880, and 14.34 per cent between 1860 an<l 1870. 

 The increase of mules from 1880 to 1890 was 26.66 per cent; between 1870 and 1880 

 the increase was 61.08 per cent, while from 1860 to 1870 there was a decrease of 2.24 

 per cent. 



"Of the aggregate number of horses and mules in the whole country June 1, 1890, 

 86.95 per cent were horses and 13.05 j»er cent were mules. The North Atlantic group 

 of States had the smallest proportion of mules — 2.41 per cent, while the South At- 

 lantic group had the largest proportion — 32.04 per cent, as against 67.96 per cent of 

 horses." 



Census Bulletin No. 111. — This is the first report ever made through the Census 

 OfiSce of the statistics of the seed farms of the United Statt-s. The bulletin was 

 prepared by J. H. Hale. Only such farms as were devoted to seed growing as a 

 business are included. 



The report shows "a total of 596 farms in the United States devoted exclusively 

 to seed production. These farms occupy 169,851 acrt-s of land, of which y6,.567i acres 

 were reported as devoted to seed ]»r<iduetion during the census year, divided as fol- 

 lows: 1,437 acres of asparagTis, 12,905 of beans, 919 of beets, 1,268 of cabltage, 569 

 of carrots, 11 of caulitli)wer, i of celeriac, 71 of celery, 13 of collards, 1^ of corn 

 salad, 15,004 of sweet corn, 16,322 of field corn, 14^ of cress, 10,219 of cucumbers, 39f of 

 dandelion, 252 of egg plants, 16 of endive, lOi of kale, 19 of kohl-rabi, 13i of leek, 

 486| of lettuce, 5,149 of muskmelons, 3,978 of watermelons, 2 of nasturtium, 13 of 

 okra, 3,560 of onions, 3,52 of onion sets, 75 of parsley, 374 of parsnips, 7,971 of peas, 

 365 of peppers, 4,102 of potatoes, 105 of pumpkins, 662 of radishes, 25 of rhubarb. 26 

 of salsify, 150 of spinach, 4,3.56 of tomatoes. SiC) of turnips, 4.663 of squashes, ami 81 

 of flower seeds. [This industry repres«'nts a total value of farms, imidemeuts. and 

 buildiugs of $18,325,9.3.5, and employetl in 1890 13.5(X) men and 1.541 women.] 

 * * * Of the 596 seed farms in the United States. 258, nv nearly one h.ilf, are in 

 the North Atlantic division, the original center of st-ed production. These farms 

 have an acreage of 47,813, or an average of 185 acres per farm, while in the north- 

 central division there are 157 farms with an acn-age of 87,0!H>. or an average of 555 

 acres per farm. The seed farms of Massachusetts and Connecticut average 142 acres 

 per farm, while those of Iowa and Nebraska are 095 acres in extent, and are produc- 

 ing seeds on a scale of equal magnitude to the other products of that section of the 

 country. Several of these seed-pi'oduciug farms embrace nearly 3.000 each. » » » 

 So far as reported there were but 2 seed farms in the country previous to 1800 (one 

 of these was established in Philadelphia in 1784, and the other at Enfield, New 

 Hampshire, in 1795), only 3 in 18^0, 6 in 1830, 19 in 1840, 34 in 18.50, 53 in 1860, IW in 

 1870, 207 in 1880, and 200 more were established between 1880 and 1890. leaving 189 

 unaccounted for as to date of establishment." 



American Pomological Society. — The twenty-third biennial session of this soci- 

 ety was held at Washington, September 22-24, 1891. Pajiers were presented on the 

 following subjects : Results of Keceut Experiments with Small Fruits, T. T, Lyon, 

 South Haven, Michigan; How to make Small-Fruit Culture Pay. J. H. Hale, South 

 Glastonbury, Connecticut; New and Promising Small Fruits, J. T. Lovett, Little 

 Silver, New Jersey; Recent Progress in the Treatment of Diseases of Pomaccous 

 Fruits, B. T. Galloway, L^. S. department of Agriculture; Chemistry of Peach Yel- 

 lows, E. F. .Smith, U. S. Department of Agriculture; Pruning for Citrus and other 

 Fruits for Florida, D. W. Ad.inis. Florida; Fertilization, Crossing, and Hybridiza- 

 tion of Plants, C. E. Bessey, University of Nebraska; Immediate EtIVcts of Cross- 

 Fertilization as Aftecting Quality and Conimerrial Value of Citrus Fruits, Lyman 



