248 



(8) The more the impurities the higher the temperature to which the sirup will 

 have to be heated. 



(9) To make a sugar testing S0° by the polariscope, '* first run "' sirup will have to 

 be heated to 233^ F. The general run of good quality sirup through the most oftlic 

 season will need to be heated to 235° F., and if it is a little dark, to 236"- F. Toward 

 the latter part of the season the temperature will need to be raised to 238^ F., and 

 the saxae should be done at any time when a sirup gets scorched or for any reason 

 seems to be of poor quality. This is always on the supposition that the sirup is 

 stirred until it grains, according to the ordinary custom in Vermont, before it is poured 

 into the tubs or pails. If the malate of linie is not removed these temperatures will 

 need to be raised 2°. 



(10) The "last nin" can not be made into a sugar testing S(P. This is always true 

 after the buds start, and usually the case with the one or two runs next previous. 



(11) A sugar containing 90 per cent of pme sugar can be made only from the best of 

 sirup in the first half of the season. The sirup to make it will have to be heated to 

 242C F. 



(12) The simp that will make 100 pounds of sugar testing 80° and drawing a 

 bounty of $1.75, will make 88 ponnds of sugar testing 90^ and drawing a bounty of 

 $1.76, a loss of 12 pounds of sugar to gain one cent in bounty. 



The 90° sugar will need to be sold at 1 cent a pound higher than the 80 to make 

 ui» for the loss in weight. Hence do not try to make a 90 sugar for tin- sake of 

 getting the 2 cents a pound bounty, unless you have a special market that will ]»a \ 

 you at least 1 cent a pound extra for the hard sugar. 



(13) A sirup boiling at 219° F. has a sjiccifie gravity of 1.325 and wrighs Just 1 1 

 ])ounds to the gallon. This will not granulate under ordinaiy conditions, but a( 

 220° F. crystals of sugar will begin to form. 



(14) A sirup weighing 11 pounds to the gallon will, if of gooil cjuaJity. make Sjf 

 ])onnds of sugar testing 80° and drawing a bounty of 15 cents, or 7J i)ounds of sugar 

 testing 90° ami drawing the same bounty. 



Wisconsin Station. Bulletin No. 28. July. 1891 (pp. 16). 



CoNSTRVCTiON OF 811 A»s, F. H. KiNu. — TIlis article is based on 

 observations on 93 silos. " of which 70 are in Wisconsin, G in Michigan, 

 (» in Ohio, and 1 1 in Illinois. Of the.se, 07 are lined wholly or in part with 

 wood; 10 are latln^l. and jdastered with water lime: 11 arc stone, jjfrout, 

 or brick, Avith cement faciui^; - are lined with metal, and 1 with tar paper." 



Wood-lined ailos. — Of the 67 silos lined wholly or in part with wood 34, or more than 

 one half, showed .some rotting at the time of the examination. The oldest of tlnse 

 silos have been filled (uily five seasons; 7 are rotting .it the end of the second filling : 

 and 1, which was relined at the end of 3 years, has the new lining rotting after .i sin- 

 gle year's use. Tliis appears like a dark record for the wood-lined silos, but there 

 is a brighter side when the subject is studied in detail. 



We have found live varieties of wood lining now in use, as follows: 



(1) A single Layer of matched l>oarils. in 2 silos. One of these is rotting where it 

 comes against a beam in the bam and the other has been used 1 year only. In tin 

 latter the silage spoiled 1 foot in at the corners and from 2 to 4 inches on the side>. 



(2) Two layers of common boards without pa]»er and unpainted. Hiit one of these 

 was examined and this wa« rotting in several iilaces after 3 years' 8ervic<>. Tin 

 sil.agp h.ad spoiled to a considerable extent in it, but it shoiUd be said that it was 

 built of cull boards, many of which were worm-eaten and even .'<pongy in places. 



('S) Two thicknesses of boards separ.ated l)y strips of furring laid upon tar papei. 

 Of the 6 silos containing tliis type of lining, their average age being S.Xi years, 

 every one has rotted, 2 of them so badly as to require extensive- repair*, beforo the 

 silos are suitable for service again. 



