474 



twelve cows. All were fed liay for 2 weeks: five were then clianfied 

 to cut silage and seven to cut com fodder and fed 2 weeks longer. 

 The coarse fodders were fed ad lihifum; the nature of the grain ration 

 is not stated. No data are tabulated, but brief sunniiaries are given 

 for each lot. The results with the individual cows of the same lots 

 were considerably at variance. 



Light and heavy imeal, J. L. Hills. B. S. (pp. 8S-90). — A compari- 

 son with eleven cows of (1) 3 pounds wheat bran and •> pounds buck- 

 wheat middlings, and (2) 3 pounds corn meal, 1.^ pounds cotton-seed 

 meal, and IJ pounds linseed meal. The milk was analyzed, set, and 

 churned, and the data obtained arc summarized. 



''The tests in general may be said to indicate that such light feed as 

 bran is often as good, weight for weight, as heavier meal for quantity 

 and quality of milk, and to ;nld testimony to the belief that milk from 

 such feeds creams less thoroughly than that from heavier meal." 



Milking two and three times a day, J. L. Hills, B. S. (pp. 00- 

 92). — Tests were made with two cows, one a farrow Ayrshire, the other 

 a Jersey fresh in milk, which were milked twice and then thrice daily 

 during ])eriods of from 3 to 14 days, frequent samples being taken of 

 the milk. The hours of milking were o a. m. and G p. m. ; or 5 a. m., 1:30 

 p. m., and 8 j). m. Analyses are given of these samples, and in the case 

 of the Jersey «>f the milk from each milking, together with the total 

 yu'ld and constituents of milk. 



Less milk was given when the cow «-:is milked three times a clay in three trials out 

 of four; in the fourth [lasting 3 daysj a marked inerease in gross yield followed the 

 change as soon as made, but the second test of the same cow indicated that the etfect 

 was only temporary, and that continuance hrought aliont a positive decrease. 



The quality of the milk of the wlndi- day was always lowered by luilkiiig three 

 times a day. » • » Since less milk of poorer quality was given when the cows 

 were milked thrice daily, it follows that there were less solid ingredients. * - • 



Under both con<litions the cows gave the most milk at the earliest milking, and 

 less at eacli 8ub.se(ineut milking during the day. When milked l>ut twice a day 

 one cow gave the same quality at both milkings, the other a milk at niglit that was 

 richer in fat and poorer in sugar than the morning's milk. When milked thrice 

 daily each cow gave the most and poorest milk in the morning, less but the richest 

 milk at noon, and the least but of a medium «iuality at night. In these fluctuations 

 of quality the fat only is concerned, the casein, sugar, and ash on the whole remain- 

 ing constant. 



Mechanical losses in handling milk, J. L. Hills, B. S. (])j». 

 92-96). — Several trials are reported in which "a carefully weighed 

 amount of milk was creamed or .separated, cream and skim milk 

 weighed, cream churned, butter ami buttermilk weighed, and every- 

 thing from beginning to end carefully sampled and analyzed. ♦ • ♦ 

 In nine trials out of ten the sum of fats found in the butter and waste 

 l)roducts has been less than that in the original milk, and generally uuich 

 less. ♦ * * Generally s]M'aking, the casein, milk sugar, and ash have 

 checked out within close limit.s, the sum fouiul in (he products being 

 sometimes more and sometimes less than that present in the whole milk." 



