r)26 



(2) Tlie action of the coiiiiiu'rcial siilidiatt' of copper upon foliage is uncertain. 



(3) The injury done to foliage hy the sulphate of copper was increased from 10 to 

 20 per cent by the addition of Paris green or Londdu purjde. 



3. Hydrate of copper. — (1) When the hydrate of copp<r is ajiplied alone it is not 

 so etlective against fungi as when ajiplied in the Bordeaux mixture. 



(2) Two applicatiouN of the hydrate reduced injury from fungi at least 5 j>er 

 cent when used at the rate of 0.125 pound in 22 gallons of water. 



(3) Thehydraff of coi»i»er when ajijdieil alone did little injury to the foliage, only 

 the peach hcing affected. 



(4) The caustic properties of the hydrate is increased l>y the addition of I'jris 

 green. The jieach was injured '^'> jier cent by such a combination. 



4. Borate of copper. — (1) The liorate of copper when ajiplied in an luulissolved con- 

 dition has little fungicidal action. 



(2) When applied at the rate of 0.') ]iound in 22 gallons of wat^r, two applications 

 reduced injury from fungi about 20 ]>cr cent. 



(3) The action of the borate of copper upon foliage wascaustic when the substance 

 ■was a]»plied in connection witli Paris green or Paris green and ammonia. The foli- 

 age of the quince, apjde, jtcar. and eggplant sulVered least when no :iniin<uiia wa« 

 used. When ammonia was used only the eggjdant esi-ajied injury. 



(4) The borate of coiqier jioBsesses no advantages over the carbonate, but its 

 action is similar to it. 



'). Cliloriite (f copper. — (1) The chloride of copper as a fungicide gave better results 

 than the Hordeaux mixture. When u.se<l at the rate of 3 ounces in 22 gallons of 

 wat»r two ajiplications reduced injury froni mildew '.iTy pereent. 



(2) Solutions of ( opjier rhloriile must be weak. One application at the lato of 

 !.."> ounce of the < iiloride in 22 gallons of water injured the fidiage of apple an<l 

 peach trc<'8. 



(3) Palis green iucn-ases the caustic action of a solution of the chloride of copper. 



6. ArKciiitcs. — (1) Paris green when a]>plied iu connection with the ammoniacal 

 carbonate of ammonia does more injury to foliage than wouhl an equal amount of 

 London ])ur]de. 



(2) London imrple. when ajijilied in connection witii the carbonate of copper held 

 in suspension in w.iter. does more injury to foli.ige than would an equal amount of 

 Paris gre»'n. 



(3) Lontlon ]>uri>le and Paris green increase the caustic action of the ammoniacal 

 carbonate ofeo|q>er, of the carbonate of copjier snspenib*d in w.iter, of the sulphate, 

 hydrate, borate, and chloride of coiq)er when insectici«I<- and fungiride were a]iplied 

 together. 



(1) The injury done to foliage by the ctunbinations ispiobably due lo the arsenite 

 which is dissolved by the ammonia or the liingicide. 



7. T'arictien. — (1) Some varieties of certain fruits appear to be more susceptible 

 than others to injury from the combinations. 



(2) The foliage of eggplants is the only foliage which was not injured by any of 

 the (onibinations. 



Ohio Station, Bulletin Vol. IV, No. 8 (Second Series). November. 1891 (pp. 30). 



F<1RTY YEAIJS OF WHEAT CULTUKE IN OlIIO, C. E. TlIORXE (pp. 



ir)!)-lS(;, iii;i]>s 7). — A .'Statistical study "svitli n'foronoo to the "relative 

 adaptability to wheat culture of .soils df ditVerent jreolopic origfiu and 

 history, and the ciVect of diflerences of latitude, drainage, and the use 

 of coinniercial fertili/ers." The total yield and average yield jier acre 

 of wheat iu Ohio for each of 40 years (1850-89) are given in a table, 



