1917] METEOROLOGY. 17 



settlement at the end of two hours of 1 per cent Bordeaux mixture at the rate 

 of 1 : 1 prepared in various ways are also submitted. 



The sterilization of fruit and vegetables for the home {Cent. Committee 

 Nat. Patriot. Organs. [Pttbs.], No. 4, (1916), pp. 22, figs. 7).— This pamphlet 

 briefly discusses the types of containers best suited for various fruits and vege- 

 tables, selection and preparation of materials for canning, various methods of 

 sterilization, and general notes on defects often observed in the canned products. 



The sterilization of fruit and vegetables for the market {Cent. Committee 

 Nat. Patriot. Organs. [Pubs.], No. 5 {1916), pp. 15). — This pamphlet describes 

 very briefly the stages in the production of canned goods for the market. The 

 various processes of sterilization are indicated and time-tables for sterilization 

 included. 



The recovery of potash from alunite, W. H. Waggaman and J. A. Cullen 

 {TJ. 8. Dept. Agr. Bui. 415 {1916), pp. 14, fig. 1). — The geological occurrence and 

 origin of alunite, the location, extent, and accessibility of the Utah alunites, 

 the production of alum, and earlier methods for the production of potash from 

 the mineral are briefly discussed. 



Experimental data obtained in igniting 11 samples of alunite from the unde- 

 veloped but readily accessible area north of Marysvale, Utah, at different tem- 

 peratures and subsequently leaching the residues with water are given. A 

 temperature between 750 and 800° C. was found to be the best for the com- 

 plete extraction of potash with the minimum amount of water. Above 800° a 

 fixation of potash took place, especially in samples containing much silica. 



In determining the influence of the fineness of the material on the subsequent 

 extraction of potash it was shown that nothing was gained by grinding the 

 material finer than will pass a 60-mesh sieve. 



In connection with the economic considerations of the industry it is suggested 

 that it would prove more economical to ship the mineral East, taking advan- 

 tage of the lower freight rates on raw material, than to manufacture the fin- 

 ished products near the mines, since practically all the finished products have 

 their market in the East. 



Hemp hurds as paper-making material, L. H. Dewey and J. L. Mekeill 

 {U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 404 {1916), pp. 25, figs. .$).— This bulletin is divided into 

 two parts, the production and handling of hemp hurds and the manufacture 

 of paper from hemp hurds. 



By proper treatment of the hemp hurds a paper stock was obtained from 

 which a finished product that could be classetl, according to official tests, as 

 a number one machine-finished printing paper was produced. The bulletin itself 

 is printed on some of this paper. 



Data relative to the cooking of the hemp hurds and to the official tests of 

 the finished product are submitted in tabular form. Industrial and economic 

 aspects of the possibilities of the industry are also discussed. 



The effects of moisture introduced into the digester in the cooking of soda 

 pulp, S. D. Wells {Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem,., 8 {1916), No. 7, pp. 601, 

 602, figs. 4). 



METEOROLOGY. 



Department of meteorology, J. E. Chxjbch, Jk. (Nevada Sta. Rpt. 1915, pp. 

 46-56). — The work of this department of the station on forecasting frost from 

 mountain tops, relation of mountains and forests to the conservation of snow, 

 and the temperature survey and relation of topography to the occurrence of 

 frost is summarized. An annotated list of meteorological publications issued 

 during the year is given and the importance of permanently maintaining a 

 department of meteorology in the station is discussed. 



