19171 ENTOMOLOGY. 53 



estry Department of Vermont is reported, in wliicli it appears that the velocitj' 

 of the wind is the deciding factor In Iviliing the young leaves. 



Eradication of Cronartium ribicola from European pine plantings in New 

 York State, W. H. Rankin (Abs. in Phytopathology, 6 {1916), No. 1, p. i/-J).— A 

 report is given on the white pine blister rust in plantings of white pine made 

 from seedlings imported from Europe. 



ENTOMOLOGY. 



[Eeport of the] department of entomology, S. B. Doten {Nevada Sta. Rpt. 

 1015, pp. SS-^l, figs. 5). — A ])rief summary is given of the work of the year in 

 which the author was assisted by G. G. Schweis. 



The conclusion is reached from work with hymenopterous parasites of the 

 codling moth that it is not practical to check the pest by this means. 



Reference is made to two papers published during the course of the year 

 relative to a method of photographing living insects.' 



Two cutworms which are said to have caused considerable injury to alfalfa 

 are the desert cutworm {Euxoa ri'Mngsiana) and the variegated cutworm. 

 The former has been found in central and eastern Nevada in the spring feeding 

 in such numbers upon the young shoots of alfalfa that the plant fails to make 

 any growth, while the latter has been found in midsummer injuring the second 

 crop in the same way. The experimental dro\vuing of cutworms is briefly 

 touched upon. Hogs, chickens, and turkeys are shown to consume large num- 

 bers of the pest. 



With a view to determining tlie effect of cold and starvation upon the bedbug, 

 31 were placed in tubes in a box and kept under shelter in the open air from 

 January 21 to April 10, with the result that only 11 remained alive and vigorous. 

 These 11 were alive also on July 1 after having been put in tubes in a tin 

 box, packed in cotton, and stored in a refrigerator at a temperature maintained 

 constantly between 40 and 50° F. A number of bedbugs just hatched from 

 the egg survived after having been kept for nearly three months in cold storage 

 without food. Eggs kept under the same conditions hatched promptly when the 

 terapei'ature was raised. The results of experiments with sulphur fumigation 

 seem to indicate that the eggs of bedbugs are not always killed and that two 

 fumigations, a week apart in warm weather, are uecessry to eradicate the pest. 



The study of a disease of mature bees which made its appearance in 1915 

 indicates that it is the so-called Isle of Wight disease, due to Nosema apis. 



An attempt to redefine the host relationships exhibited by entomophagous 

 insects, H. S. Smith {Jour. Econ. Ent., 9 {1916), No. 5, pp. 477-486) .—The 

 author redefines the old terms now in use with a view to standardizing the 

 terminology of insect parasitism. 



Sprays and spraying, F. B. Paddock {Texas Sta. Bui. 187 {1916), pp. 5-36, 

 fig. 8). — A brief discussion of the several classes of insects is followed by an 

 extended account of the various insecticides and means for their application. 

 Preventive measures are also considered and a list with addresses is given of 

 manufacturers and dealers in insecticides and spraying machinery. 



Cost of dusting and spraying a New York apple orchard, C. R. Ceosbt 

 {Jojir. Econ. Ent., 9 {1916), No. 3, pp. 375, 376).— The author presents data fur- 

 nished by W. A. Crandall relative to a 21-acre orchard, containing about 625 

 trees ranging in age from 35 to 40 years, which was sprayed in 1913 and 1914 

 and dusted in 1915. Records of the cost of spraying in 1913 and 1914 and of 

 dusting in 1915 presented in tabular form show the spraying to cost about 



'A "Cold " Flame for Zoological Work {Camera Craft, 1914, October) ; Flashlights of 

 Living Insects (Camera Craft, 1015, April). 



