Ifll7] ENTOMOLOGY. 59 



The report of the apiarist of the Central Farm (pp. 997-1000) summarizes 

 the wintering results of 1913-14 and 1914-15, reports upon the honey crop of 

 1914. and describes the type of hive used. Thirty -seven colonies placed in a 

 cellar ©n November 10, 1913, averaged a loss in weight of 14.4 lbs., the greatest 

 loss being 27 lbs., and with the 16 colonies protected outdoors the average 

 weight loss was 22.5 lbs. and the greatest loss 35 lbs. In 1913-14 the last 

 good flight before winter was on November 22, at a temperature of 63°. and 

 the fir.st extensive spring flight was on March 16, at a temperature of 50°. In 

 1914-15 the last flight before winter occurred on November 26, at a temperature 

 of 45°. and the first spring flight was on March 23. at a temperature of 45.5'. 

 The total honey crop in 1914 was 2,348 lbs. of extracted honey and 69 sections 

 of comb honey. The extracted honey consisted of 120 lbs. of dandelion honey 

 gathered in May, 1,675 lbs. of white honey gathered during June and .July, and 

 553 lbs. of amber-colored honey gathered at the end of July and in August. 

 The largest yield from a single colony was 257 lbs. of extracted honey, from a 

 colony that had wintered outside. A table is given which shows the average 

 loss or gain in weight of a colony during successive periods of about ten days 

 during the season, with the principal .sources from which the honey was gath- 

 ered. Experience hns shown that the 8-frame brood chamber does not supply 

 suflicient breeding space, but that a 10-frame brood chamber is usually large 

 enough to accommodate all, or nearly all, of the brood. 



Reports of the superintendents on the bee work at the experimental farms 

 follow (pp. 1001-1014). 



Detection of arsenic in bees, E. B. Holland {Jour. Econ. Ent., 9 {1916). No. 

 5, pp. 86^-366). — A preliminary report of work at the Massachusetts Experi- 

 ment Station, in which 12 out of 23 samples of affected bees were found to 

 contain a small amount of arsenic. 



Professor Gossard's theory on fi.re blight transmission, E. P. Phillips 

 {Jour. Econ. Ent.. 9 {1916), No. S, pp. 362, 363).— In reviewing the paper by 

 Gossard previously noted (E. S. R., 35, p. 662). the author calls attention to the 

 lack of experimental data supporting the view that Bacillus amylovorua is 

 transmitted by the honeybee. 



The chrysanthemum gall fly, Diarthronomyia hypogsea, E. O. Essig {Jour. 

 Econ. Ent., 9 {1916), No. 5, pp. 461-468. pis. 2, figs. S). — In a general survey of 

 the central part of the State, made by the author, this gall fly was found quite 

 abundant and destructive in the region of San Francisco Bay, where it has been 

 known to flourish for over 15 years. It causes cone-shaped galls on the leaves, 

 leaf-petioles, stems, and buds. Infested shoots are often distorted and are 

 eventually killed. The growing of the crop under cloth is the most efficient 

 and satisfactory means for preventing this injury. 



A new species of Isosoma attacking wheat in Utah, R. W. Doane {Jour. 

 Econ.. Ent., 9 {1916), No. 4. pp. 398-401, pi. 1, fig. i).— During the course of in- 

 vestigations conducted in the so-called dry farm regions in the Salt Lake Valley, 

 the author collected two species of Isosoma. One of these was the well-known 

 wheat straw worm {I.grande). the other a new species, here described as 

 /. vaginicolum, which he terms the wheat sheath worm, as the larvse confine 

 their attacks to the leaf sheath. The swelling and hardening of the walls of 

 the sheath which results from their attack presses on the stem in such a way 

 as to prevent the sap from flowing through it readily, and the plants become 

 stunted and produce only small, poorly developed heads. Some fields observed 

 were so badly injured that they were not considered worth harvesting, and the 

 whole crop was a total loss. This new species has been found only iu the dry 

 farm region. 



