1917J VETERINARY MEDICINE. 83 



presence of acid-fast organisms that are more closely related to the streptothrix 

 than are the mammalian tubercle bacilli. 



The liver fluke disease, its treatment and control, J. Mabek {Berlin. 

 Tierdrztl. Wchnschr., 32 (1916), Nos. 7, pp. 75-77; S, pp. 85-90, figs. 4; 9, pp. 

 97-101, figs. 3; abs. in Jour. Amcr. Vet. Med. Assoc, 49 {1016), No. 4, pp. 534, 

 535). — Tests were made of a number of bactericidal and parasiticidal substances 

 thought to be taken up by the intestine and returned in the bile, but in all cases 

 (steers and sheep) the flukes remained alive. Successful results, however, were 

 obtained from the use of karaala and its preparations, either kamala depuratum 

 or kamala veuale being satisfactory. Fifteen gm. administered in two doses at 

 12 to 24 hour intervals to yearlings and older sheep, or divided into five doses 

 for weak ones, were found to destroy the flukes in from three to eight days. The 

 treatment of cattle with kamala was beneficial but not so satisfactory as in 

 sheep. 



The abstract is by M. C. Hall. 



Investigation into "louping-ill " or " trembling," J. I'. M'Gowan {Edinr 

 burgh: William Blackwood d Sons, 1915, pp. 51). — " Louping-ill or trembling, 

 according to the view propounded here, is divisible into two groups, true 

 louping-ill and pseudolouping-ill. True louping-ill (which includes staggers or 

 stomach staggers of hill farms and arable farms) is divisible into several 

 varieties, as mentioned in tlie text. Specially, according to the view expressed 

 here, does it include braxy or sickness and grass sickness, which are held to 

 be the very acute forms of the disease. The disease milk sickness in lambs is 

 considered also to be a variety of this same disease. . . . 



" These diseases are considered to be essentially of the same nature, in that 

 they are held to be caused by the same organism, Bacillus bipolaris septicus 

 ovium. Epidemiological! y they are considered to be different, in that while 

 braxy is usually produced by eating rapidly large quantities of succulent mate- 

 rial covered with hoar frost, true louping-ill in most of its varieties is con- 

 sidered to be caused chiefly by exposure to extreme degrees of temperature 

 within a short interval. Milk sickness is considered to be in a restricted degree 

 caused by contagion. The grass tick is held to be responsible for the produc- 

 tion of the bulk of the cases of pseudolouping-ill. Navel-ill, with its attendant 

 joint-ill, contributes some cases, while aggravated wool-ball, injuries, etc., add 

 a few to the sum total included in this term. A discussion on possible means 

 of prevention and treatment is embodied in the text." 



Additional notes on pathological lesions of pigs fed rice meal, S. Hadwen 

 (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts. 1915, pp. 573, 574)- — This is an amplification of the 

 findings reported the previous year (E. S. R., 33, p. 775). The author's view 

 that toxins are responsible for the lesions encountered, expressed la the previous 

 report, is said to have been supported b^' subsequent examinations, although 

 incomplete nutrition is the primary cause of the disease. He finds that as a 

 result of malnutrition the alimentary tract does not function normally and 

 toxic products are absorbed into the system. Four pigs which received phos- 

 phorus in addition to rice meal and grew well furnished a striking contrast to 

 others which received no phosphorus, the latter having developed a neuritis 

 and lost the use of their limbs. 



Notes on the occurrence of petechial hemorrhages in the larynx and kid- 

 neys in hog cholera, H. P. Hoskins {Jour. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc, 49 {1916), 

 No. 4, pp. 478-483, fig. 1 ) . — " If we are to continue classifying hog cholera in 

 the group of septicemic diseases, and accept the hemorrhagic lesions found in 

 the kidneys, lymph nodes, intestines, bladder, lungs, etc., as a part of the 

 pathological picture of this disease, the hemorrhages found in the mucous 



