1917] RUBAL ENGIXEKRING. 89 



Cost of structures of the second unit of the Dodson north canal, Milk 

 River Irrigation Project, Malta, Montana, A. E. Bechtel {Enyin. and Con- 

 tract., 46 (1916), No. 6, pp. 126-129, figs. i6).— Tables of cost data are given, 

 together with descriptions and illustrations of the structures. 



Irrigation of Thanh-Hoa, Peytavin (Bui. Econ. Indochine, n. ser., 19 {1916), 

 No. 117, pp. 13-55, pi. 1). — The important features of an irrigation system in 

 the residency of Anara in French Indo China are described. 



The district covers, 105,000 hectares (259,350 acres), of which 70,000 hectares 

 are actually irrigable. The amount of water necessary is estimated at about 

 0.64 to 0.8 liters per second per hectare, making a total quantity of water, 

 including rainfall, of 0.77 to 1.65 liters per second per hectare. The cost of 

 the system is estimated at 12,000,000 francs (about $2,316,000). 



Irrigation practice in growing small fruits in California, W. A. Hutchins 

 (California Sta. Circ. 154 (1916), pp. 35, figs. 17). — This circular describes and 

 analyzes irrigation practices in the important berry centers of the State, and 

 is based on work done under cooperative agreements between the Office of 

 Public Roads and Rural Engineering of the U. S. Department of Agriculture 

 and the California State Department of Engineering and between the OfRce 

 of Public Roads and Rural Engineering and the station. 



Utilization of small waterfalls for drainage and irrigation, V. N. Itos- 

 TOVTSEV (Rostovtseff) (SelsJc. Khoz. i Lihsov., 250 (1916), Feb., pp. 179-223, 

 figs. 25). — Several different types of hydraulic ram are described and illustrated. 



Tile drainage, A. H. Leidigh and E. C. Gee (Texas Sta. Bui. 188 (1916). pp. 

 26, figs. IS). — This bulletin, written from the viewpoints of both the engineer 

 and the agronomist, gives general Information on methods, requirements, and 

 results of tile drainage in Texas. 



Ditching and digging pole holes with dynamite, T. M. Knioht (Engin. and 

 Contract., 46 (1916), No. 3, pp. 66-68, figs. 7).— Descriptions of methods em- 

 ployed, together with diagrammatic illustrations and tabular data, are given. 



Land clearing, P. H. Moore (Canada Expt. Farms Rpts., 1915, pp. 351-354, 

 pis. 2). — The average cost per acre for clearing ready to plow 14 acres of Doug- 

 las fir, birch, maple, alder, and vine maple with thick undergrowth, was $145.39. 

 Pulling of stumps by cable and blocks after light blasting was found to be 

 more economical than direct hauling. Burning was less expensive for felling 

 trees than sawing, although the stump was frequently removed at greater 

 expense. Splitting with explosives and burning was found to be the best 

 method of handling a big tree after it is down. 



Major results of stump removal investigation conducted by the University 

 of Wisconsin, C. D. Livingston (Engin. and Contract., 46 (1916), No. 3, pp. 

 53, 54). — Work conducted by the agricultural engineering department of the 

 University of Wisconsin established the following points as good practice in 

 stump clearing : 



" Where the stumps are large it was found that from one-third to one-fourth 

 the amount of dynamite necessary to entirely remove the stumps from the 

 ground would crack them into several pieces so that one or more of them could 

 be pulled. Stumps may be pulled easier and quicker when cracked. The hole 

 left is not nearly so large as when either pulled whole or blown out entirely. 

 The roots are cleaner, are easier to handle, dry quicker, and are more easily 

 burned. On the loams and clays it was found that 20 per cent dynamite would 

 do the same work as 40 per cent at a saving of 25 per cent on the dynamite bill. 

 On the lighter soils the 30 per cent grades did as good work as the high kinds 

 and cost about 10 per cent less. Forty per cent grades or higher are only 

 needed on dry sand.s. 



