lyiTJ METEOROLOGY. 207 



months, no free acids were present, but there was a small percentage of com- 

 bined acids, probably formic and acetic. Of the 7.01 per cent of alcohol present 

 5.35 per cent was free and 1.66 per cent combined. 



Belative oil yield of riorida oranges, S. C. Hood (Jour. Indus, and Engin. 

 Chem., 8 (1916), No. 8, pp. 709-711). — From a study of the commercial possi- 

 bilities of the manufacture of orange oil from Florida cull oranges a wide 

 variation in the yield of oil of oranges under different climatic and cultural 

 conditions was observed. " The oil content has not reached its maximum until 

 the oranges are fully mature, but the oil is present in commercial quantities 

 before the fruit are ready for harvest. The occurrence of heavy rainfall dur- 

 ing the season of harvest will cause a considerable decrease in the oil content. 

 The presence of rust mite does not decrease the percentage yield of oil of the 

 mature fruit, but may show some effect early in the season." 



Studies on the extraction of rosin from wood. — I, Experiments using a 

 petroleum solvent, R. C. Palmer and H. R. Boehmer {Jour. Indus, and Engin. 

 Chem., 8 {1916), No. 8, pp. 695-701, figs. 7). 



A numerical expression for color as given by the Ives tint photometer, 

 O. Kkess and G. C. McNaughton (Jour. Indus, and Engin. Chem., 8 {1916), 

 No. 8, pp. 711-714, fi^gs. 8). — This article reports preliminary experimental data 

 of a study to determine the possibility of using the Ives tint photometer as a 

 measure of the progress of beating in paper milling and to observe the rela- 

 tion between the numerical expressions for depth of color as read from the in- 

 strument and the relation of the shades as noted by the eye. 



The results obtained are expressed in graphic form. 



METEOROLOGY. 



The problems of agricultural meteorology, G. Azzr {Bol. Min. Agr. e Indus., 

 Com. ed Lavoro [Rome], Ser. B, 15 {1916), II, No. 5-8, pp. 38-^7).— This article 

 discusses in some detail the elements necessary for the solution of the problems 

 of agricultural meteorology, the organization and equipment of agricultural 

 meteorological stations, methods, and forms to be used in reporting observa- 

 tions on the relation of plant growth to meteorological conditions, and methods 

 of determining the critical period and forecasting the growth and yield of 

 plants under different conditions of culture and climate. 



Climatological data for the ITnited States by sections {U. S. Dept. Agr., 

 Weather Bur. Climat. Data, 3 {1916), Nos. 9, pp. 222, pis. 2, figs, .'r, 10, pp. 224, 

 pis. 2, figs. 5). — These volumes contain, respectively, brief summaries and de- 

 tailed tabular statements of climatological data for each State for September 

 and October, 1916. 



Annual report of the Weather and Crop Service for 1915, G. M. Chappell 

 {lotoa Yearbook Agr., 16 {1915), pp. 593-64S, figs. 3).— This report includes 

 summaries of the monthly and weekly bulletins issued by the Iowa Weather 

 and Crop Service in cooperation with the Weather Bureau of the U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture. It shows that the average temperature for the 

 State during the year 1915 was 47.8° F. ; the average precipitation 39.53 in., 

 or 7.56 in. above the normal ; and the average snowfall 31.3 in. 



" The striking features of the year were the remarkably cool summer, the 

 frequency of showers during the crop season, the excessive cloudiness, the 

 killing frost and freezing temperatures over the northeastern counties in 

 August, and the fact that frost occurred at some place in the State every 

 month of the year. The summer was the coolest of record, there being an 

 average deficiency of temperature of 4.8° per day from May 1 to September 30, 

 inclusive. Showers were frequent and many of them heavy, which delayed 



