1917] FIELD CROPS. 235 



of barnyard manure. From 75 to 95 per cent of the yield of irrigated wlieat 

 under the various systems of irrigation was produced by the natural precipi- 

 tation. 



The detailed results of the experiments are given in tabular form. 



Yellow-berry in wheat: Its cause as indicated by its composition, W. P. 

 Headden {Proc. Soc. Prom. Agr. Sci., 36 {1915), pp. 41-56). — This paper re- 

 views the conclusions of a number of investigators of this subject, and presents 

 the results of experiments by the author in support of the contention (E. S. R., 

 33, p. 41) that the ratio of available nitrogen to available potassium, and not 

 the climatic conditions, is the principal factor in determining flintiness and 

 starchiness of wheat. 



An experiment on wheat is noted in which 12 in. of water was applied in 

 addition to a rainfall of, 9.94 in. from spring to harvest in comparison with 

 growing wheat with a rainfall of 8.37 in. during the same period. Under these 

 two methods of culture both flinty and yellow-berry wheat was produced. The 

 differences in composition of flinty and starchy kernels grown in this experiment 

 on the same plat were found to be identical with those of the flinty and starchy 

 kernels of the same wheats grown under the same conditions but receiving 

 either nitrogen or potassium. It is stated that wheat grown on contiguous plats 

 of the same land and from the same lot of seed produced dark or flinty kernels 

 with the application of nitrates, and light-colored, starchy kernels with the 

 application of potassium. It was further shown that the application of nitrogen 

 suppressed the phosphorus while the application of potassium did not increase 

 it. The samples of yellow-berry wheat analyzed in this connection contained 

 approximately 50 per cent more phosphorus than the flinty samples. 



Another experiment was made to determine the effects of applying 1, 2, and 3 

 acre-feet of water. Marquis wheat sown April 2 received its flrst and last irri- 

 gations May 11 and August 15, respectively. The plats receiving 3 acre-feet of 

 water were irrigated at intervals of from 8 to 12 days, while the plats receiv- 

 ing 2 acre-feet were given five irrigations and those receiving 1 acre-foot three 

 irrigations. The wheat produced from all these plats was badly affected by 

 yellow-berry, but the analytical results indicated no such differences as were 

 found between the flinty and yellow-berry wheats. A sample grown with 1 acre- 

 foot of water contained 10.423 per cent crude protein, 7.669 per cent true gluten, 

 and 0.45 per cent phosphorus ; that grown with 2 acre-feet, 10.557 per cent crude 

 protein, 7.381 per cent true gluten, and 0.449 per cent phosphorus; and that 

 receiving 3 acre-feet, 10.519 per cent crude protein, 8.079 per cent true gluten, 

 and 0.454 per cent phosphorus. A sample of wheat grown with an application of 

 1 acre-foot of water on another soil contained less than 15 per cent of yellow- 

 berry and had a protein content of 15.998 per cent, of true gluten 11.042 per 

 cent, and of phosphorus 0.374 per cent. 



Three trials, were made to show that well-rotted manure does not produce the 

 results shown to follow the application of nitrogen in the form of sodic nitrate. 

 The manure was applied at the rate of approximately 16 loads per acre and the 

 water used was 1, 2, and 3 acre-feet. In the wheat produced on these plats 

 yellow-berry was just as prevalent as in the grain grown without manure. The 

 crude protein in three samples grown without manure was 10.423, 10.557, and 

 10.519 per cent, and in three samples grown with manure 10.813, 10.519, and 

 11.931 per cent. The true gluten in the grain grown without manure was 7.669, 

 7.381, and 8.079 per cent ; with manure, 7.864, 8.005, and 7.904 per cent ; while 

 the phosphorus in the grain grown without manure was 0.45. 0.449, and 0.454 

 per cent, and with manure, 0.452, 0.456, and 0.458 per cent 



