254 EXPEEIMENT STATION RECORD. [Vol. 36 



on lime twigs has been found infested by a hitherto unrecorded and as yet 

 undescribed fungus that is related to Empusa fresemi. 



The common cabbage worm. (Pontia rapae), F. H. Chittenden {U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Farmers' Bui. 766} (1916), pp. 14, figs. iO).— This replaces Circular 60 

 of the Bureau of Entomology, previously noted (E. S. R., 17, p. 162). 



The fall army worm, or " grass worm," and its control, W. R. Walton and 

 P. Luginbill (U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 152 (1916), pp. 16, figs. IS). — ^A 

 summary of information prepared with the intention of supplying the farmer 

 and others with the necessary information concerning the life history of 

 Laphygma frugiperda and its control. 



The campaign against surface caterpillar at Mokameh in 1913, E. J. 

 WooDHOUSE and H. L. Dutt (Agr. Jour. Bihar and Orissa [India}, 2 (191J^), 

 Double No., pp. 16-35, pis. .^).— This fourth report (E. S. R., 32, p. 58) records 

 the work of the year 1913 with Agrotis ypsilon. 



The campaign against surface caterpillar at Mokameh in 1914r-15, H. L. 

 Dutt (Agr. Jour. Bihar and Orissa [India], 3 (1915), No. 1, pp. 1-14, pls. 3). — 

 This fifth report on Agrotis ypsilon deals with trapping work. 



On the taxonomic value of some larval characters in the Lepidoptera, C. 

 Heinrich (Proc. Ent. tioc. Wash., 18 (1916), No. 3, pp. 154-164, figs. 4). 



The apple leaf-sewer, B. R. Leach (U. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 435 (1916), pp. 14, 

 pi. 1, figs. 6). — The apple leaf -sewer (Ancylis nubeculana), generally distrib- 

 uted over the North and Central Atlantic States, the Middle West, and in por- 

 tions of Canada, when present in sufficient numbers may cause serious injury 

 to apple foliage. 



The eggs are deposited singly or in irregular groups, usually on the underside 

 of the leaf and hatch at Winchester, Va., during June in about 8.8 days. The 

 newly-hatched larva spends the first three or four w^eeks of its life under a 

 silken covering on the underside of the leaf, the remainder of the larval feeding 

 period of 125 to 141 days being passed within a succession of folded leaves, 

 which it destroys by eating the upper parenchyma. It hibernates as a larva 

 upon the ground within the fallen leaf and while in this state is able to with- 

 stand wide extremes of moisture and temperature. 



" In the latitude of northern Virginia, in a normal season, pupation begins 

 about April 20, or possibly a little before, depending on the relative lateness of 

 the season. The larva pupates within the folded leaf upon the ground. The 

 average pupal period of the wintering larva of the apple leaf-sewer at Win- 

 chester, Va., in 1915, was 26.05 days. In 1915 the moths continued to emerge 

 from May 7 to June 8. They began to deposit eggs upon the apple foliage in 

 from one to two days after emergence. Oviposition lasted from 5 to 13 days, 

 and the moths averaged 65 eggs each. They lived from 5 to 18 days, averaging 

 10.3 days. The moths are active during the day, especially during the morning, 

 at which time they appear to deposit most of their eggs. 



" The principal insect enemy of the apple leaf -sewer in Virginia appears to 

 be Pseudomphale ancylce n. sp., of the family Chalcididse. At all times during 

 the larval stage the apple leaf-sewer is very susceptible to arsenical sprays. 

 Arsenate of lead should be used at the rate of 2 lbs. to 50 gal. of water. Bear- 

 ing orchards receiving the customary spraying for the codling moth usually 

 escape injury from the apple leaf-sewer. Young orchards should receive an 

 arsenical spray as soon as the insect appears in numbers sufficient to cause 

 serious damage." 



A list of 13 references to the literature is appended. 



Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera, A. Busck (Proc. 

 Ent. Soc. Wash., 18 (1916), No. 3, pp. 147-154). 



