308 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. IVol. 36 



less skilled labor, and yielding a more uniform product. The method 

 avoids the loss in yield and quality due to defective milk, gives a 

 more uniform and sanitary product, and calls for less cold storage 

 in curing. 



The determination of the coloring matter in milk might seem at 

 first to have only theoretical interest, but when followed by a similar 

 study of feeds which discloses the relation of certain kinds to light 

 and dark color in milk, cream, and butter, it is seen to have a very 

 practical significance. Similarly, studies of the influence of feed in 

 modifying the chemical and physical properties of butter, while in 

 themselves highly technical, have led to important practical results. 

 To cite an illustration, silage is found to counteract the hardening 

 effect of cottonseed meal upon butter, exercising an opposite effect 

 to cottonseed meal on the fat constants. 



Two interesting pieces of work which have a direct application in 

 the feeding of milk to children have dealt with the study of the fat 

 globules and the casein of milk from Holstein and Ayrshire cows as 

 compared with that from Jersey and Guernsey breeds. The size of 

 the fat globules was not found to be a factor. In the case of the first 

 two breeds the casein is more decidedly flocculated, and as it is not so 

 easily curdled in the stomach is apparently more tolerant to infants. 



Continued work in dairy bacteriology has served to throw much 

 light on the sources of bacterial contamination of milk and dairy 

 products and to modify some of the earlier precautions prescribed, 

 especially since the cow and the utensils are found to be far more 

 important sources of contamination than the stable and dust. 



In horticulture, studies on the factors connected with bud forma- 

 tion are at length yielding light bearing upon the possibilities of 

 control; and other extensive studies in progress have reference to 

 the interrelation of stock and scion, the periodicity of growth in 

 trees, factors which stimulate growth, the specific effects of ferti- 

 lizers, and hardiness as correlated with structure. 



From the long list of successful life history and other studies in 

 economic entomology, the working out of the number of broods of 

 certain insects in different localities, the finding that the woolly aphis 

 of the apple passes part of its life on the elm, producing an affec- 

 tion there, that the sugar-beet plant louse spends some of its life 

 history on the cottonwood tree, the influence of soil moisture and 

 flooding on the control of sugar-beet root louse, may be cited as 

 striking examples of the application of technical studies in suggest- 

 ing means of control. 



The work with fungicides and insecticides, their preparation and 

 use, the manner in which they affect insects, and the conditions under 



