1917] ANIMAL PRODUCTION. 367 



growth has become insufficient to compensate for the deficient ability of the 

 tissues to replace their current loss. The variability of animals fed upon the 

 diets described, as is probably to be expected under any unfavorable environ- 

 mental or dietetic conditions, instead of falling with increasing age and slack- 

 ening of growth, maintains a high level throughout the life of the animals." 



Net energy values for ruminants, H. P. Armsby and J. A. Fkies {Pennsyl- 

 vania Sta. Bid. 142 (1916), pp. 3-14). — This paper gives in brief form the results 

 of investigations noted from another source (E. S. R., 33, p. 72). 



Net energy values of American feeding stuffs, H. P. Akiisby and F. S. 

 Putney {Pennsylvania Sta. Bui. 142 {1916), pp. 15-20). — Basing their calciila- 

 tions on methods described in the above paper, the authors have computed the 

 net energy values of a number of feeding stuffs from the tables of Henry and 

 Morrison (E. S. R.. 34, p. 261). The results are here tabulated, together with 

 the digestible protein and the nonprotein of the feeding stuffs. 



War feeding stuffs, M. Popp {Zent. EinkaufsgeseU. Beschrdnkt. Haftung, 

 Flugschr. No. 6 [1915], Orig., pp. 20, figs. 2). — This pamphlet briefly discusses 

 the use of various gi-een feeds and roughage, the feeding stuffs produced in the 

 forest, fruits and seeds, and various waste products. Several feeds not recom- 

 mended for use are also briefly discussed. 



The industrial manufacture of war feeding stuffs, M. Popp {Zent. Ein- 

 kaufsgeseU. Beschrdnkt. Haftung, Flugschr. No. 7 [1015], Orig., pp. 16). — This 

 pamphlet discusses the preparation and use of straw meal, hay meal, wood 

 meal, a processed straw meal (made by treatment with dilute alkali), lupine 

 flakes (the alkaloids being removed by aqueous extraction), chestnut flakes, 

 potato press cake, air-dried potatoes, kitchen waste, and yeast. 



Cotton-seed meal as an incomplete food, C. A. Wells and P. V. Ewing 

 (Jour. Biol. Cliem., 21 {1916), No. 1, pp. 15-25). — The experiments here re- 

 ported are supplementary to previous work (E. S. R., 35, p. 383). From the 

 results obtained it is concluded that cotton-seed meal is an incomplete food, 

 even when fed with sugar and starch on a wide nutritive ratio. 



" Pigs upon an absolute maintenance diet ate in addition only small quan- 

 tities of cotton-seed meal and were not greatly injured by it. 



" So-called cotton-seed meal injury is due in large part to inadequate diets." 



Chemical composition, digestibility, and feeding value of vegetable-ivory 

 meal, C. L. Beals and J. B. Lindsey {TJ. S. Dept. Agi ., Jour. Agr. Research, 7 

 {1916), No. 7, pp. 301-320). — This is a report of investigations at the Massa- 

 chusetts Experiment Station upon the chemical composition, digestibility, and 

 feeding value of vegetable-ivory meal. This is the waste product in the manu- 

 facture of " vegetable ivory," the seed or nut of the palm-like plant Phytelephas 

 macrocarpa (E. S. R., 30, p. 46). 



The vegetable-ivory meal used in these experiments was medium fine, white 

 in color with occasional flecks of particles of the brown outer coating of 

 the nut, tasteless, odorless, and very hard. Analyses of nine samples of vege- 

 table ivory showed an average of 11.39 per cent moisture, 4.63 per cent pro- 

 tein, 0.92 per cent fat, 75.09 per cent nitrogen-free extract, 6.89 per cent fiber, 

 and 1.08 per cent ash. Considerable variations were found in the composi- 

 tion of the different samples. The protein rarely exceeded 5 per cent, and 

 was found to contain about one-third of its nitrogen in the amido form. 

 Lignin, galactin, starch, and dextrose were not detected in any of the samples. 

 The nitrogen-free extract was composed principally of mannan, with small 

 amounts of pentosans and of a substance insoluble in alcohol but not identi- 

 cal with the pectin substances usually found in plants. The calorific value of 

 the meal was determined as 1,717 large calories per pound, which compares 

 favorably with that of corn meal, sugar, and corn starch. 



