446 EXPERIMENT STATION RECORD. [VoL 36 



monium sulphate, acid phosphate, disodiuni phosphate, and potassium sulphate. 

 For comparison, sodium chlorid and sodium sulphate also were used on some 

 sections. The work was conducted during the period 1912 to 1915. The more 

 practical results relative to the injurious and beneficial effects of specific fer- 

 tilizers have also been published in a previous paper (E. S. R., 32, p. 746). The 

 additional data here given deal with alterations in plant activities and constitu- 

 ents due to the fertilizers. A bibliography of related literature is appended. 



Determinations of dry weight and ash made from the foliage of the carna- 

 tion plants showed an increase in both values with increased applications of 

 fertilizers. An increased content of the fertilizing salts was detected in the 

 plants after large applications of them to the soil. The total nitrogen deter- 

 minations made upon plants in different stages of injury showed an increased 

 intake of nitrogen when ammonium sulphate was applied, but an acquired 

 tolerance by the plants when successive small applications were made. Injury 

 from ammonium sulphate was not in proportion to the total nitrogen content. 



Osmotic pressure determinations made upon the cell sap proved that with 

 each fertilizer used the degree of injury varied with the osmotic pressure, but 

 that not the same degree of injury was caused by different fertilizers at the 

 same osmotic pressure. Injury is not a result of increased osmotic pressure 

 exclusively. The increase in the osmotic pressure in a series of plants on soil 

 receiving increasing applications of commercial fertilizers was accompanied by 

 an increase in the total solids and ash of the sap and in the amount of the 

 fertilizer taken up by the plant. 



The total acidity of the sap of plants fed with ammonium sulphate, disodium 

 phosphate, and monocalcium phosphate increased as indicated by phenolphtha- 

 lein. The relation between the increase in total acidity and in the phosphorus 

 content of the sap when the plants were fed with disodium phosphate proved 

 that the phosphorus was taken in the form of dihydrogen phosphate, due 

 not entirely at least to absorption of the base by the soil, but to the selective 

 action of the plant as well. 



Applications of potassium sulphate had no effect upon the acidity of the sap, 

 but large applications gave a higher total sugar content in the sap from the 

 stems of the plants as well as in the foliage. The starch content of the foliage 

 of such plants was lower. These data indicate a more rapid hydrolysis of the 

 starch in the foliage in the presence of an excess of potassium sulphate. The 

 increased exudation of nectar observed in the flowers of these plants probably 

 resulted from this increase in sugar content. 



The history and botanical relationships of the modem rose, E. H. and 

 F. A. Wilson (Boston: Authors, 1916, bliLeprmt). — This consists of a chart pre- 

 pared with the view of showing the progress in the evolution of the modern 

 rose. 



Some suggestions for improvement of the home grounds, W. H. Sill (Pan 

 Handle [W. Va.] Agr. Club Circ. 3 (1916), pp. 25, figs. 5).— A popular treatise 

 on the questions arising in the improvement and development of the home sur- 

 roundings applicable to the small city lot, the suburban estate, and the farm. 



FORESTEY. 



Handbook for rangers and woodsmen, J. L. B. Taylob (New York: John 

 WUey d Sons, Inc., 1911, pp. IX+420, figs. 24S).—The object of this handbook 

 Is to serve as a guide for inexperienced men in woods work. Although the 

 author has had primarily in mind the problems which confront a forest ranger 

 In government, state, or private employ, it is believed that the suggestions 

 offered may be of use to others whose work or recreation takes them into rough 



