1917] ECONOMIC ZOOLOGY ENTOMOLOGY. 461 



numbers of eggs in these favored situations, tlie result being that the plants 

 growing in soils of this character are seriously damaged. 



" The maggots, though resistant to most insecticides, quite readily succumb 

 to drying. Thus, by letting tlie soils dry out occasionally, little trouble will 

 be experienced. Where a serious infestation occurs, a judicious drying out 

 of the soils, use of dry sand on top of the dirt, and trap pots of dried blood 

 and earth and sprouting grain used to attract egg laying will effectually con- 

 trol the pest. The maggots and eggs in these trap pots should be destroyed 

 about every two weeks by submerging in boiling water. 



The occurrence of two annual generations of the elm. leaf beetle (Galeruca 

 luteola) and the manner in which they follow one another, A. Lecaillon 

 (Coiiipt. L'eud. Acad. Sci. [Paria], 162 {1916), No. 13, pp. .'tSl-IfSJt). — In the re- 

 gion of Toulouse the eggs of the elm leaf beetle are deitosited on elm leaves 

 during a period of four months, or from the first of May until the first of Sep- 

 tember. The first generation occurs during May and June, followed by the sec- 

 ond during July and August. It is thought possible that the adults of the second 

 generation do not complete their oviposition before hibernating and that oviposi- 

 tion is continued the following spring, and also that certain adults of the third 

 generation may commence to oviposit before hibernation commences. 



The dock false worm: An apple pest, E. J. Newcomer (L'. S. Dept. Agr. Bui. 

 265 {1916}, pp. 39, pis. 2, figs. 6). — This pest, the larva of an allantine sawfly 

 {Anietasteyia glahrata), long known both in Europe and America as an enemy 

 of dock, sorrel, and knotweed, has acquired the habit of boring into mature 

 apples on the tree in September and October to hibernate, thereby destroying 

 their market value. With one exception, no evidence of injury was found 

 that occurred before the apples had practically stopped growing. Apples 

 frequently have three or four, or sometimes even eight, holes in them of varying 

 depths, but contain only one or two worms, or often none at all. In the present 

 paper the author reports at length upon studies of its biology and remedial 

 measures, nmch of the data being presented in tabular form. 



The dock false worm is found all over Europe and in Canada and the northern 

 part of the United States, from the Atlantic to the Pacific. There are four 

 generations annually, each occupying about a month, except the fourth, the 

 larvae of which hibernate and complete their development the following spring. 

 Only the larvae of the last generation are known to bore into apples. The 

 ichneumonid parasites reared from overwintering material represent seven dis- 

 tinct species, namely, Epiurus ptcrophoroe, Spilocryptus sp., JEnoplex sp., 

 Bathymetis sp., Bdthytlirix sp., and two species of Cratocryptus. Of 268 eggs 

 observed at Wenatchee, Wash., from July 26 to September 8, 11.9 per cent were 

 parasitized by Trichogratnma minuta. As regards remedial measures, it is 

 pointed out that protection may be afforded by keeping the orchard free of 

 dock and other food plants, or where this is impossible by banding the trees 

 with cotton or some sticky substance the latter part of August, leaving the 

 bands on until after the fruit is harvested. 



A list of 37 references to literature on the subject is included. 



Observations upon some of the predacious and parasitic Hymenoptera, 

 Fyles {Ann. Rpt. Ent. Soc. Ontario, 46 {1915), pp. 52-60, figs. 2). — This paper 

 includes a list of 70 species of Ichneumonidaj taken by the author in the 

 Province of Quebec. 



Syntomaspis druparum, the apple-seed chalcid, R. A. Cushman {U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Jour. Agr. Research, 7 {1916), No. 11, pp. 487-502, pis. 4, figs. 8).— 

 This is a report of biological studies of /S. druparum carried on during parts of 

 the seasons 1914 and 1915 at the laboratory at North East, Pa., and in the field 

 throughout its range, which includes the northern tier of States from Vermont 



